Abstract
Although characterizing dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zones poses significant challenges, there have been several recent improvements in characterization methods and decision making. One important improvement has been the increased use of mass flux and mass discharge information. This information can be helpful for evaluating risks, assessing the benefits of partial source depletion efforts, estimating natural attenuation rates and refining conceptual site models. Mass flux data also can lead to more cost effective remediation by targeting the areas that provide the most loading to the contaminant plume. This chapter provides an overview of uses of mass flux and mass discharge estimates, and describes the measurement methods that are available. It also provides recommendations for use and discusses the level of resolution needed when measuring mass flux and mass discharge for differing objectives. Finally, the chapter includes case studies of the uses of mass flux and mass discharge information at specific DNAPL sites, highlighting the value of the data in making site management decisions.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The work upon which this chapter is based was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) through its Office of Research and Development with funding provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), a collaborative effort involving the USEPA, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). It has not been subjected to Agency review and, therefore, does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred.
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Annable, M.D., Brooks, M.C., Jawitz, J.W., Hatfield, K., Rao, P.S.C., Wood, A.L. (2014). Flux-Based Site Assessment and Management. In: Kueper, B., Stroo, H., Vogel, C., Ward, C. (eds) Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation. SERDP ESTCP Environmental Remediation Technology, vol 7. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6922-3_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6922-3_7
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