Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is fundamental for the growth and survival of normal and malignant prostate cells. Therefore, androgen deprivation therapy remains the first-line treatment for disseminated disease; however, relapse and progression to a castration-resistant phenotype for which no durable treatment currently exists, is inevitable. Restored AR activity is fundamental in the progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer. Multiple mechanisms by which AR is reactivated under androgen-depleted conditions may be involved in the development of this lethal phenotype. Recent studies have identified alternatively spliced transcripts encoding truncated AR isoforms that lack the ligand-binding domain, which is the therapeutic target of androgen deprivation therapy. Many of these truncated AR variants function as constitutively active, ligand-independent transcription factors that can support androgen-independent expression of AR target genes, as well as ligand-independent growth of prostate cancer cells. In this chapter, we will summarize the recent developments in the identification and characterization of AR splice variants in prostate cancer.
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Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the NIH (CA125747, CA091956 and CA121277) and the T.J. Martell Foundation (DJT). PEL is supported by a Fulbright Scholarship and the Postgraduate Traveling Scholarship in Medicine from Trinity College, Dublin.
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Lonergan, P.E., Tindall, D.J. (2013). Truncated Androgen Receptor Splice Variants in Prostate Cancer. In: Tindall, D. (eds) Prostate Cancer. Protein Reviews, vol 16. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6828-8_13
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