Abstract
This present chapter discusses the relationship between social anxiety and socialization among adolescents. In particular, the text addresses the associations among social anxiety disorder, social development, and social experiences during adolescence. Treatment implications among adolescents are highlighted in the context of a case study.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Albano, A. M., & DiBartolo, P. M. (2007). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for social phobia in adolescents: Stand up, speak out (therapist guide). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Albano, A. M., DiBartolo, P. M., Heimberg, R. G., & Barlow, D. H. (1995). Children and adolescents: Assessment and treatment. In R. G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 387–425). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Alfano, C. A., Beidel, D. C., & Turner, S. M. (2006). Cognitive correlates of social phobia among children and adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34, 189–201. doi:10.1007/s10802-005-9012-9.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Amies, P. L., Gelder, M. G., & Shaw, P. M. (1983). Social phobia: A comparative clinical study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 174–179. doi:10.1192/bjp.142.2.174.
Baldry, A., & Farrington, D. P. (2005). Protective factors as moderators of risk factors in adolescence bullying. Social Psychology of Education, 8, 263–284. doi:10.1007/s11218-005-5866-5.
Barrett, P. M. (2000). Treatment of childhood anxiety: Developmental aspects. School of Applied Psychology, 20, 479–494.
Beidel, D. C., Christ, M. A., & Long, P. J. (1991). Somatic complaints in anxious children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 19, 659–670. doi:10.1007/bf00918905.
Beidel, D. C., & Turner, S. M. (2007). Clinical presentation of social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents. In D. C. Beidel & S. M. Turner (Eds.), Shy children, phobic adults: Nature and treatment of social anxiety disorders (2nd ed., pp. 47–80). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., & Morris, T. L. (1999). Psychopathology of childhood social phobia. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 643–650. doi:10.1097/00004583-199906000-00010.
Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., & Young, B. J. (2006). Social effectiveness therapy for children: Five years later. Behavior Therapy, 37, 416–425. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.06.002.
Berry, K., & Hunt, C. J. (2009). Evaluation of an intervention program for anxious adolescent boys who are bullied at school. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45, 376–382. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.04.023.
Biederman, J., Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R., Rosenbaum, J. F., Herot, C., Friedman, D., Snidman, N., et al. (2001). Further evidence of association between behavioral inhibition and social anxiety in children. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1673–1679.
Bijstra, J. O., & Jackson, S. (1998). Social skills training with early adolescents: Effects on social skills, well-being, self-esteem and coping. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 13, 569–583. doi:10.1007/bf03173106.
Bögels, S. M., Alden, L., Beidel, D. C., Clark, L. A., Pine, D. S., Stein, M. B., et al. (2010). Social anxiety disorder: Questions and answers for the DSM-V. Depression and Anxiety, 27, 168–189. doi:10.1002/da.20670.
Bowker, J. C., Spencer, S. V., & Salvy, S.-J. (2010). Examining how overweight adolescents process social information: The significance of friendship quality. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31, 231–237. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2010.01.001.
Brendgen, M., Lamarche, V., Wanner, B., & Vitaro, F. (2010). Links between friendship relations and early adolescents’ trajectories of depressed mood. Developmental Psychology, 46, 491–501. doi:10.1037/a0017413.
Chansky, T. E., & Kendall, P. C. (1997). Social expectancies and self-perceptions in anxiety-disordered children. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 11, 347–363. doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(97)00015-7.
Chu, B. C., & Harrison, T. L. (2007). Disorder-specific effects of CBT for anxious and depressed youth: A meta-analysis of candidate mediators of change. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 10, 352–372. doi:10.1007/s10567-007-0028-2.
Crick, N. R., & Ladd, G. W. (1993). Children’s perceptions of their peer experiences: Attributions, loneliness, social anxiety, and social avoidance. Developmental Psychology, 29, 244–254. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.29.2.244.
Davidson, L. M., & Demaray, M. K. (2007). Social support as a moderator between victimization and internalizing-externalizing distress from bullying. School Psychology Review, 36, 383–405.
Dempsey, A. G., & Storch, E. A. (2008). Relational victimization: Association between recalled adolescent social experiences and emotional adjustment in early adulthood. Psychology in the Schools, 45, 310–322.
DeWit, D. J., MacDonald, K., & Offord, D. R. (1999). Childhood stress and symptoms of drug dependence in adolescence and early adulthood: Social phobia as a mediator. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 69, 61–72. doi:10.1037/h0080382.
Egan, S. K., & Perry, D. G. (1998). Does low self-regard invite victimization? Developmental Psychology, 34, 299–309. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.34.2.299.
Erath, S. A., Flanagan, K. S., & Bierman, K. L. (2007). Social anxiety and peer relations in early adolescence: Behavioral and cognitive factors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 405–416. doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9099-2.
Erath, S. A., Flanagan, K. S., Bierman, K. L., & Tu, K. M. (2010). Friendships moderate psychosocial maladjustment in socially anxious early adolescents. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31, 15–26. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2009.05.005.
Flanagan, K. S., Erath, S. A., & Bierman, K. L. (2008). Unique associations between peer relations and social anxiety in early adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37, 759–769. doi:10.1080/15374410802359700.
Ginsburg, G. S., & Grover, R. L. (2005). Assessing and treating social phobia in children and adolescents. Psychiatric Annals, 35, 736–744.
Ginsburg, G. S., La Greca, A. M., & Silverman, W. K. (1998). Social anxiety in children with anxiety disorders: Relation with social and emotional functioning. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 189–199.
Grills, A. E., & Ollendick, T. H. (2002). Peer victimization, global self-worth, and anxiety in middle school children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 59–68. doi:10.1207/153744202753441675.
Hall-Lande, J. A., Eisenberg, M. E., Christenson, S. L., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2007). Social isolation, psychological health, and protective factors in adolescence. Adolescence, 42, 265–286.
Hampel, P., Manhal, S., & Hayer, T. (2009). Direct and relational bullying among children and adolescents: Coping and psychological adjustment. School Psychology International, 30, 474–490. doi:10.1177/0143034309107066.
Herbert, J. D., Gaudiano, B. A., Rheingold, A. A., Moitra, E., Myers, V. H., Dalrymple, K. L., et al. (2009). Cognitive behavior therapy for generalized social anxiety disorder in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 167–177. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.06.004.
Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R. (2010). Familial and temperamental risk factors for social anxiety disorder. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2010, 51–65. doi:10.1002/cd.262.
Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R., Micco, J., Henin, A., Bloomfield, A., Biederman, J., & Rosenbaum, J. (2008). Behavioral inhibition. Depression and Anxiety, 25, 357–367. doi:10.1002/da.20490.
Hodges, E. V. E., Boivin, M., Vitaro, F., & Bukowski, W. M. (1999). The power of friendship: Protection against an escalating cycle of peer victimization. Developmental Psychology, 35, 94–101. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.35.1.94.
Hudson, J. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2000). The origins of social phobia. Behavior Modification, 24, 102–129. doi:10.1177/0145445500241006.
Hymel, S., Rubin, K. H., Rowden, L., & LeMare, L. (1990). Children’s peer relationships: Longitudinal prediction of internalizing and externalizing problems from middle to late childhood. Child Development, 61, 2004–2021.
Ialongo, N., Edelsohn, G., Werthamer-Larsson, L., Crockett, L., & Keliam, S. (1995). The significance of self- reported anxious symptoms in first grade children: Prediction to anxious symptoms and adaptive functioning in fifth grade. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 427–437.
Inderbitzen, H. M., Walters, K. S., & Bukowski, A. L. (1997). The role of social anxiety in adolescent peer relations: Differences among sociometric status groups and rejected subgroups. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 26, 338–348. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2604_2.
Inderbitzen-Nolan, H. M., Anderson, E. R., & Johnson, H. S. (2007). Subjective versus objective behavioral ratings following two analogue tasks: A comparison of socially phobic and non-anxious adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 76–90. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.013.
Kagan, J., Reznick, J. S., & Gibbons, J. (1989). Inhibited and uninhibited types of children. Child Development, 60, 838–845. doi:10.2307/1131025.
Kashani, J. H., & Orvaschel, H. (1990). A community study of anxiety in children and adolescents. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 313–318.
Kingery, J. N., Erdley, C. A., Marshall, K. C., Whitaker, K. G., & Reuter, T. R. (2010). Peer experiences of anxious and socially withdrawn youth: An integrative review of the developmental and clinical literature. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 13, 91–128. doi:10.1007/s10567-009-0063-2.
La Greca, A. M., & Harrison, H. M. (2005). Adolescent peer relations, friendships, and romantic relationships: Do they predict social anxiety and depression? Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 49–61. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3401_5.
La Greca, A. M., & Lopez, N. (1998). Social anxiety among adolescents: Linkages with peer relations and friendships. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 83–94. doi:10.1023/a:1022684520514.
Langley, A. K., Bergman, R., McCracken, J., & Piacentini, J. C. (2004). Impairment in childhood anxiety disorders: Preliminary examination of the child anxiety impact scale-parent version. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 14, 105–114. doi:10.1089/104454604773840544.
Mackey, E. R., & La Greca, A. M. (2008). Does this make me look fat? Peer crowd and peer contributions to adolescent girls’ weight control behaviors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37, 1097–1110. doi:10.1007/s10964-008-9299-2.
Marmorstein, N. R. (2006). Generalized versus performance-focused social phobia: Patterns of comorbidity among youth. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20, 778–793. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.08.004.
Masten, C. L., Juvonen, J., & Spatzier, A. (2009). Relative importance of parents and peers: Differences in academic and social behaviors at three grade levels spanning late childhood and early adolescence. Journal of Early Adolescence, 29, 773–799. doi:10.1177/0272431608325504.
McIsaac, C., Connolly, J., McKenney, K. S., Pepler, D., & Craig, W. (2008). Conflict negotiation and autonomy processes in adolescent romantic relationships: An observational study of interdependency in boyfriend and girlfriend effects. Journal of Adolescence, 31, 691–707. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.08.005.
Morris, T. L., Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R., Henin, A., & Storch, E. A. (2004). Developmentally sensitive assessment of social anxiety. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 11, 13–28. doi:10.1016/s1077-7229(04)80004-x.
Mychailyszyn, M. P., Mendez, J. L., & Kendall, P. C. (2010). School functioning in youth with and without anxiety disorders: Comparisons by diagnosis and comorbidity. School Psychology Review, 39, 106–121.
Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons-Morton, B., & Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behaviors among US youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 2094–2100.
Ollendick, T. H., & Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R. (2002). The developmental and psychopathology of social anxiety disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 51, 44–58. doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01305-1.
Ollendick, T. H., & Ingman, K. A. (2001). Social phobia. In H. Orvaschel, J. Faust, M. Hersen, H. Orvaschel, J. Faust, M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of conceptualization and treatment of child psychopathology (pp. 191–210). Amsterdam Netherlands: Pergamon/Elsevier Science Inc. doi:10.1016/B978-008043362-2/50011-1.
Pellegrini, A. D., Bartini, M., & Brooks, F. (1999). School bullies, victims, and aggressive victims: Factors relating to group affiliation and victimization in early adolescence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 216–224. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.91.2.216.
Piaget, J. (1958). The growth of logical thinking from childhood to adolescence. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Rapee, R. M., & Spence, S. H. (2004). The etiology of social phobia: Empirical evidence and an initial model. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 737–767. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.06.004.
Rubin, K. H., & Burgess, K. B. (2001). Social withdrawal and anxiety. In M. W. Vasey & M. R. Dadds (Eds.), The developmental psychopathology of anxiety (pp. 407–434). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Rubin, K. H., & Stewart, S. L. (1996). Social withdrawal. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Child psychopathology (pp. 277–307). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Schneier, F. R., Johnson, J., Hornig, C. D., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1992). Social phobia: Comorbidity and morbidity in an epidemiologic sample. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 282–288.
Sebastian, C., Viding, E., Williams, K. D., & Blakemore, S.-J. (2010). Social brain development and the affective consequences of ostracism in adolescence. Brain and Cognition, 72, 134–145. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2009.06.008.
Segrin, C., & Flora, J. (2000). Poor social skills are a vulnerability factor in the development of psychosocial problems. Human Communication Research, 26, 489–514. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2000.tb00766.x.
Seipp, B. (1991). Anxiety and academic performance: A meta-analysis of findings. Anxiety Research, 4, 27–41.
Siegel, R. S., La Greca, A. M., & Harrison, H. M. (2009). Peer victimization and social anxiety in adolescents: Prospective and reciprocal relationships. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 1096–1109. doi:10.1007/s10964-009-9392-1.
Silverman, W. K., Kurtines, W. M., Ginsburg, G. S., Weems, C. F., Rabian, B., & Serafini, L. T. (1999). Contingency management, self-control, and education support in the treatment of childhood phobic disorders: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 675–687. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.67.5.675.
Simon, V. A., Aikins, J. W., & Prinstein, M. J. (2008). Romantic partner selection and socialization during early adolescence. Child Development, 79, 1676–1692. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01218.x.
Slee, P. T. (1994). Situational and interpersonal correlates of anxiety associated with peer victimisation. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 25, 97–107.
Spence, S. H., Donovan, C., & Brechman-Toussaint, M. (1999). Social skills, social outcomes, and cognitive features of childhood social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 211–221. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.108.2.211.
Spence, S. H., Donovan, C., & Brechman-Toussaint, M. (2000). The treatment of childhood social phobia: The effectiveness of a social skills training-based, cognitive-behavioural intervention, with and without parental involvement. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 713–726. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00659.
Stein, M. (Ed.). (1995). Social phobia: Clinical and research perspectives. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Stein, M. B., Torgrud, L. J., & Walker, J. R. (2000). Social phobia symptoms, subtypes, and severity: Findings from a community survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 1046–1052. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.11.1046.
Stein, M. B., & Walker, J. R. (1994). Setting diagnostic thresholds for social phobia: Considerations from a community survey of social. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 408.
Sterba, S. K., Copeland, W., Egger, H. L., Costello, E. J., Erkanli, A., & Angold, A. (2010). Longitudinal dimensionality of adolescent psychopathology: Testing the differentiation hypothesis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 871–884. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02234.x.
Stopa, L., & Clark, D. M. (1993). Cognitive processes in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 255–267. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(93)90024-o.
Storch, E. A., Brassard, M. R., & Masia-Warner, C. L. (2003). The relationship of peer victimization to social anxiety and loneliness in adolescence. Child Study Journal, 33, 1–18.
Storch, E. A., & Masia-Warner, C. (2004). The relationship of peer victimization to social anxiety and loneliness in adolescent females. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 351–362.
Storch, E. A., Masia-Warner, C., Dent, H. C., Roberti, J. W., & Fisher, P. H. (2004). Psychometric evaluation of the social anxiety scale for adolescents and the social phobia and anxiety inventory for children: Construct validity and normative data. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 18, 665–679.
Storch, E., Nock, M. K., Masia-Warner, C., & Barlas, M. E. (2003). Peer victimization and social-psychological adjustment in Hispanic and African-American Children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 12, 439–452. doi:10.1023/A:1026016124091.
Strauss, C. C., Frame, C. L., & Forehand, R. (1987). Psychosocial impairment associated with anxiety in children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 16, 235–239. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp1603_8.
Strauss, C. C., & Last, C. G. (1993). Social and simple phobias in children. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 7, 141–152. doi:10.1016/0887-6185(93)90012-a.
Strauss, C. C., Lease, C. A., Kazdin, A. E., & Dulcan, M. K. (1989). Multimethod assessment of the social competence of children with anxiety disorders. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 18, 184–189. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp1802_10.
Sutker, P. B., & Adams, H. E. (2001). Comprehensive handbook of psychopathology (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Turner, S. M., & Beidel, D. C. (1989). Social phobia: Clinical syndrome, diagnosis, and comorbidity. Clinical Psychology Review, 9, 3–18. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(89)90043-3.
Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., Borden, J. W., Stanley, M. A., & Jacob, R. G. (1991). Social phobia: Axis I and II correlates. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 102–106. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.100.1.102.
Van Roy, B., Kristensen, H., Groholt, B., & Clench-Aas, J. (2009). Prevalence and characteristics of significant social anxiety in children aged 8–13 years: A Norwegian cross-sectional population study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44, 407–415. doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0445-7.
Vaquera, E. (2009). Friendship, educational engagement, and school belonging: Comparing Hispanic and White adolescents. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 31, 492–514. doi:10.1177/0739986309346023.
Vernberg, E. M., Abwender, D. A., Ewell, K. K., & Beery, S. H. (1992). Social anxiety and peer relationships in early adolescence: A prospective analysis. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21, 189–196. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2102_11.
Waldrip, A. M., Malcolm, K. T., & Jensen-Campbell, L. A. (2008). With a little help from your friends: The importance of high-quality friendships on early adolescent adjustment. Social Development, 17, 832–852. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00476.x.
Weems, C. F. (2008). Developmental trajectories of childhood anxiety: Identifying continuity and change in anxious emotion. Developmental Review, 28, 488–502.
Weems, C., & Stickle, T. R. (2005). Anxiety disorders in childhood: Casting a nomological net. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 8, 107–134. doi:10.1007/s10567-005-4751-2.
Wittchen, H.-U., Stein, M. B., & Kessler, R. C. (1999). Social fears and social phobia in a community sample of adolescents and young adults: Prevalence, risk factors and co-morbidity. Psychological Medicine, 29, 309–323. doi:10.1017/s0033291798008174.
Yeganeh, R. (2006). Social phobia and occupational functioning. Dissertation Abstracts International, 67, Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Voelkel, E.A., Lee, K.M., Abrahamson, C.W., Dempsey, A.G. (2013). Social Anxiety and Socialization Among Adolescents. In: Storch, E., McKay, D. (eds) Handbook of Treating Variants and Complications in Anxiety Disorders. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6458-7_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6458-7_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-6457-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-6458-7
eBook Packages: Behavioral ScienceBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)