Skip to main content

Introduction to Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

Abstract

Since the first edition of the handbook, important new research findings on climate change have been gathered. The evidence has further solidified, and the effects have become more visible. Both mitigation and adaptation of climate change are more important than ever before. The handbook in its presently third edition was completely updated and extended in coverage. Climate change is a fact, and aspects of “doing business in climate change” were included alongside scientific evidence on climate change, mitigation technologies – both established and novel – and adaptation measures to provide maximum benefit to its readers.

The impacts of climate change have made it into our daily lives. All human beings, in turn, can contribute to the mitigation and adaptation of climate change. Consequently, these topics are discussed in schools, in private settings, in research, and in the business world. We can see solid implications of climate change. The 2020 COVID-19 crisis has paralyzed the entire world almost instantly. Climate change is slower and subtler, but even more severe in its potential and factual consequences, where no “fix” like a vaccination exists to return to the previous state.

This handbook is more necessary than ever before.

Over the last several million years, there have been warmer and colder periods on Earth, and the climate fluctuates for a variety of natural reasons, as data from tree rings, pollen, and ice core samples have shown. However, human activities on Earth have reached an extent that they impact the globe in potentially catastrophic ways, in terms of magnitude and irreversibility. Mitigation and adaptation are the two principal routes of our responses to climate change, and they, in fact, can be best achieved collectively by world citizens, scientists and nonscientists, in our daily lives.

This chapter is an introduction to climate change and the handbook in its third edition. Current state of the arts of climate change mitigation and adaptation approaches are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Antilla L (2005) Climate of scepticism: US newspaper coverage of the science of climate change. Glob Environ Chang Part A 15(4):338–352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becken S (2005) Harmonising climate change adaptation and mitigation: the case of tourist resorts in Fiji. Glob Environ Chang Part A 15(4):381–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich PR (2000) Human natures: genes cultures and the human prospect B&T. Island Press, Washington, DC. ISBN 978-1559637794

    Google Scholar 

  • Folland CK, Karl TR, Nicholls N, Nyenzi BS, Parker DE, Vinnikov KYA (1992) Observed climate variability and change. In: Houghton JT, Callander BA, Varney SDK (eds) Climate change, the supplementary report to the IPCC scientific assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 135–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Greitemeyer T (2013) Beware of climate change skeptic films. J Environ Psychol 35:105–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grothmann T, Patt A (2005) Adaptive capacity and human cognition: the process of individual adaptation to climate change. Glob Environ Chang Part A 15(3):199–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haberle RM, Forget F, Head J, Kahre MA, Kreslavsky M, Owen SJ (2013) Summary of the Mars recent climate change workshop NASA/Ames Research Center, May 15–17, 2012. Icarus 222(1):415–418

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamin EM, Gurran N (2009) Urban form and climate change: balancing adaptation and mitigation in the U.S. and Australia. Habitat Int 33(3):238–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann VH, Sprengel DC, Ziegler A, Kolb M, Abegg B (2009) Determinants of corporate adaptation to climate change in winter tourism: an econometric analysis. Glob Environ Chang 19(2):256–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007) IPCC Fourth assessment report: climate change 2007 (AR4), vol 3. Cambridge University Press

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • International Energy Association IEA (2009) World energy outlook 2009. International Energy Association (IEA), Paris. ISBN 9789264061309

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • IPCC, IPCC Third Assessment Report, chapter 2.3.3 Was there a “Little Ice Age” and a “Medieval Warm Period”? 2001. http://www.grida.no/publications/other/ipcc_tar/?src=/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/070.htm

  • IPCC (2010) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES). http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc/emission/

  • IPCC, Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Summary for Policymakers. http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/

  • IPCC (2020) Intergovernmental panel on climate change. http://www.ipcc.ch/

  • Karl TR, Trenberth KE (2003) Modern global climate change. Science 302(5651):1719–1723

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laukkonen J, Blanco PK, Lenhart J, Keiner M, Cavric B, Kinuthia-Njenga C (2009) Combining climate change adaptation and mitigation measures at the local level. Habitat Int 33(3):287–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Houérou HN (1996) Climate change, drought and desertification. J Arid Environ 34:133–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linden HR (1993) A dissenting view on global climate change. The Electr J 6(6):62–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Linden HR (2005) How to justify a pragmatic position on anthropogenic climate change. Ind Eng Chem Res 44(5):1209–1219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMichael AJ, Powles JW, Butler CD, Uauy R (2007) Food, livestock production, energy, climate change, and health. Lancet 370:1253–1263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller FP, Vandome AF, McBrewster J (eds) (2009) History of climate change science. Alphascript, Mauritius. ISBN 978-6130229597

    Google Scholar 

  • Næss LO, Bang G, Eriksen S, Vevatne J (2005) Institutional adaptation to climate change: flood responses at the municipal level in Norway. Glob Environ Chang Part A 15(2):125–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen JO, Reenberg A (2010) Cultural barriers to climate change adaptation: a case study from Northern Burkina Faso. Glob Environ Chang 20(1):142–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quadrelli R, Peterson S (2007) The energy-climate challenge: recent trends in CO2 emissions from fuel combustion. Energy Policy 35(11):5938–5952

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sonnabend G, Sornig M, Schieder R, Kostiuk T, Delgado J (2008) Temperatures in Venus upper atmosphere from mid-infrared heterodyne spectroscopy of CO2 around 10 μm wavelength. Planet Space Sci 56(10):1407–1413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stern N (2007) The economics of climate change: the stern review. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 978-0521700801

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Stringer LC, Dyer JC, Reed MS, Dougill AJ, Twyman C, Mkwambisi D (2009) Adaptations to climate change, drought and desertification: local insights to enhance policy in southern Africa. Environ Sci Policy 12(7):748–765

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations (UN) (1992) United framework convention on climate change. United Nations, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • van Aalst MK, Cannon T, Burton I (2008) Community level adaptation to climate change: the potential role of participatory community risk assessment. Glob Environ Chang 18(1):165–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winter DF (1967) Transient radiative heat exchange at the surface of the moon. Icarus 6(1–3):229–235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Worldbank (2009) Attitudes toward climate change: findings from a multi-country poll. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWDR2010/Resources/Background-report.pdf

  • Zasova LV, Ignatiev N, Khatuntsev I, Linkin V (2007) Structure of the Venus atmosphere. Planet Space Sci 55(12):1712–1728

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maximilian Lackner .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Lackner, M., Sajjadi, B., Chen, WY. (2021). Introduction to Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation. In: Lackner, M., Sajjadi, B., Chen, WY. (eds) Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6431-0_169-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6431-0_169-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-6431-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-6431-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics

Publish with us

Policies and ethics