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Principles and Instrumentation

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Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Biomedicine

Part of the book series: Handbook of Modern Biophysics ((HBBT,volume 4))

Abstract

Four major experimental techniques exist in the field of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The simplest one is continuous-wave spectroscopy (CWS) in which a light of constant intensity is injected into tissue, and then the attenuated transmitted/reflected light signal is measured at a distance from the light source. The CWS technique has the limitation of obtaining only changes in optical density. More elaborate approaches such as spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS), time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS), and phase-modulated spectroscopy (PMS) have certain advantages. The principles of these techniques are described in the chapter.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 434-8601, Japan

    Yutaka Yamashita BS

  2. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Nakaku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan

    Masatsugu Niwayama Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Yutaka Yamashita BS
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  2. Masatsugu Niwayama Ph.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Masatsugu Niwayama Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR MEDICINE, University of California Davis BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR MEDICINE, Davis, California, USA

    Thomas Jue

  2. Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

    Kazumi Masuda

Appendices

Problem

  1. 1.1.

    How can the weak photocurrent of an Si photodiode be converted to a voltage signal on continuous-wave NIRS or spatially resolved NIRS?

Further Reading

Demrow B (1971) Op amps as electrometers or — the world of fA. Anal Dial 5(2): 48–49

Frenzel LE (2007) Accurately measure nanoampere and picoampere currents. Electron Design Strat News, Feb 15

Hutchings MJ, Blake-Coleman BC (1994) A transimpedance converter for low-frequency, high-impedance measurements. Meas Sci Technol 5(3):310–313

Rako P (2007) Measuring nanoamperes. Electron Design Strat News, Apr 26

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Yamashita, Y., Niwayama, M. (2013). Principles and Instrumentation. In: Jue, T., Masuda, K. (eds) Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Biomedicine. Handbook of Modern Biophysics, vol 4. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6252-1_1

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