Abstract
This chapter begins by defining negative and positive peace (Galtung, J. (1964). An editorial. Journal of Peace Research, 1, 1–4, Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, peace, and peace research. Journal of Peace Research, 6, 167–191). It then examines the components of a culture of peace (United Nations (1999, October 6). Resolutions adopted by the General Assembly: Declaration on a culture of peace. Fifty-third session (agenda item 31): A/RES/53/243. Retrieved on 9 March 2012, from http://cpnn-world.org/resA-53-243A.html). Next, it defines reconciliation, including passive and active coexistence (Galtung, J. (2001). After violence, reconstruction, reconciliation, and resolution: Coping with visible and invisible effects of war and violence. In M. Abu-Nimer (Ed.), Reconciliation, justice and coexistence: Theory & practice (pp. 3–23). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.), and reviews truth commissions and human rights trials in Latin America (Sikkink, K., & Walling, C. B. (2007). The impact of human rights trials in Latin America. Journal of Peace Research, 44, 427–445). The second half of the chapter presents the results of our study with 713 Latin American participants. We found several significant gender differences in the definitions of peace and reconciliation. Recommendations for future studies are discussed.
Peace is not merely the absence of war but the presence of justice, of law, of order – in short, of government – Albert Einstein
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DeSouza, E. et al. (2013). Definitions of Peace and Reconciliation in Latin America. In: Malley-Morrison, K., Mercurio, A., Twose, G. (eds) International Handbook of Peace and Reconciliation. Peace Psychology Book Series, vol 7. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5933-0_8
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