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Physical Exercise as Intervention in Parkinsonism

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Handbook of Neurotoxicity

Abstract

Physical exercise, particularly for individuals with sedentary occupations and independent of activity type, offers probably the most effective health-ensuring policy available. The associations between physical exercise and symptoms/biomarkers of idiopathic Parkinsonism and animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD), quality of life and self-reliance, disorder progression, and risk factors all support the contention that activity provides for an improved prognosis. In the present treatise, mice treated with the selective dopamine neurotoxin (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 3 × 30 mg/kg once each week over three weeks), or Vehicle, were given access to running-wheel exercise from the week following the first injection of MPTP onwards: the MPTP-Exercise group received four 30-min sessions in the running wheels (Mondays to Thursdays), whereas the MPTP No-exercise and Vehicle groups received a single session each week (Wednesdays). It was observed that the MPTP+Exercise group increased the distance run on each Wednesday 30-min session incrementally, whereas the MPTP No-exercise and Vehicle groups remained at the same distance throughout; similarly, during the 10-min test session on Fridays, prior to the tests of motor activity, the MPTP+Exercise group increased the distance run on each successive occasion but the MPTP No-exercise and Vehicle groups did not. In the tests of spontaneous motor activity, running-wheel exercise over 4 days/week (30 min, Mon.–Thurs.) improved all three parameters of motor activity, locomotion, rearing, and total activity, in the activity test chamber during test weeks 2–7, compared to the MPTP group following the MPTP administration. In the l-Dopa-induced activity test, running-wheel exercise over 4 days/week enhanced locomotor and rearing but not total activity following the subthreshold dose of l-Dopa for the MPTP+Exercise group but not the MPTP No-exercise group. Running-wheel exercise over 4 days/week increased the DA concentrations in the striatum of MPTP+Exercise mice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, 500, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Trevor Archer

  2. Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Ulleråker, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

    Anders Fredriksson

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Correspondence to Trevor Archer .

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  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA

    Richard M. Kostrzewa

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Archer, T., Fredriksson, A. (2014). Physical Exercise as Intervention in Parkinsonism. In: Kostrzewa, R. (eds) Handbook of Neurotoxicity. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5836-4_105

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