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Nanotoxicology in Green Nanoscience

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Innovations in Green Chemistry and Green Engineering

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Abstract

Nanotechnology holds great promise for future economical and technological advances, yet health and safety concerns regarding nanomaterials persist. As an emerging technology, nanotechnology is in the unique position to proactively address health and safety concerns throughout the product life cycle. Green chemistry aims to create benign compounds in a way that prevents pollution and reduces waste throughout every stage of production. Through green nanoscience, the principles of green chemistry can be applied toward making high performance, yet inherently safe nanomaterials. Successful application of green chemistry principles to assess nanomaterial health and safety requires efficient, predictive, high-throughput nanotoxicity testing. With these approaches, designers and manufacturers of nanomaterials can assess nanotoxicity early in production to redesign or replace hazardous nanomaterials.

This chapter was originally published as part of the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology edited by Robert A. Meyers. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3

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Abbreviations

Embryonic development:

The molecular signaling, cell divisions, cell rearrangements, and cell differentiation that lead to tissues, organs, and structures of an organism.

High throughput:

A method of stream-lining, often through automation, testing procedures to rapidly conduct thousands of experiments.

Nanotechnology:

As defined by the National Nanotechnology Initiative, “nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at the nanoscale, at dimensions between approximately 1 and 100nm, where unique phenomena enable novel applications.”

Structure activity relationships (SARS):

A method of relating how structural and physiochemical properties of a compound influence biological activity.

Tiered approach:

An approach that optimizes identification of potentially hazardous compounds through testing and systematic interpretation of results [1].

Toxicology testing:

Testing to examine and understand the adverse effects of physical, biological, or chemical compounds on organisms and the environment with the objective of mitigation or prevention [2].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA

    Leah Wehmas & Robert L. Tanguay

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  1. Leah Wehmas
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  2. Robert L. Tanguay
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Correspondence to Leah Wehmas .

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  1. , Center for Green Chemistry and, Yale University, Prospect Street 225, New Haven, 06520, Connecticut, USA

    Paul T. Anastas

  2. , Department of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, 06520-8286, Connecticut, USA

    Julie B. Zimmerman

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Wehmas, L., Tanguay, R.L. (2013). Nanotoxicology in Green Nanoscience. In: Anastas, P., Zimmerman, J. (eds) Innovations in Green Chemistry and Green Engineering. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5817-3_6

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