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Subterranean Morphology and Mycorrhizal Structures

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Mycoheterotrophy

Abstract

Mycoheterotrophic plants lack chlorophyll and depend on an intimate association between their underground organs and fungi connected to photosynthetic plants for carbon compounds. The diverse fungi involved may also increase access to soil-derived nutrients. Examples of mycoheterotrophic species occur within nonvascular plants, the gametophytes of several seedless vascular plant genera, and the roots/rhizomes of many angiosperms. This chapter focuses on the structural diversity of the underground organs of mycoheterotrophic plants and the complex mycorrhizal colonization patterns observed using a variety of microscopic methods. Evolutionary trends of mycoheterotrophic plants towards compact root/rhizome systems combined with colonization patterns that result in a sustained benefit from the fungus occur in most angiosperm lineages and are textbook examples of convergent evolution.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    According to Maas-van de Kamer and Maas (2010), the material under investigation in Imhof 1999a (=Wilks no. 1179, received from the herbarium of Utrecht, labeled as A. winkleri) turned out to be A. saingei (Franke 2004), synonymous to A. gabonensis (Dauby et al. 2008).

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to Mori Thomann for his help with the Japanese paper of K. Watanabe, as well as Jesper Hansen for translating parts of the Danish articles by V. A. Poulsen.

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  1. Spezielle Botanik und Mykologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Philipps-Universität, 35032, Marburg, Germany

    Stephan Imhof

  2. Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, Canada

    Hugues B. Massicotte

  3. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada

    Lewis H. Melville & R. Larry Peterson

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    Vincent Merckx

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Imhof, S., Massicotte, H.B., Melville, L.H., Peterson, R.L. (2013). Subterranean Morphology and Mycorrhizal Structures. In: Merckx, V. (eds) Mycoheterotrophy. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5209-6_4

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