Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Organizational Aspects of Work Accommodation and Retention in Mental Health

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Occupational Health and Wellness

Part of the book series: Handbooks in Health, Work, and Disability ((SHHDW))

Abstract

Mental health problems and disorders constitute an escalating challenge in the workplace. Another chapter in this handbook by Dewa and colleagues has also addressed this important topic. According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2001a), mental health disorders comprise 40 % of the leading causes of disability worldwide, and they account for 10.5 % of the total global burden of disease. About 450 million people, most of them of working age, are affected by at least one mental health disorder. Importantly, mental health disorders are projected to account for 15 % of the disability burden internationally by the year 2020. Depression alone is projected to account for the second highest burden of disease, following only cardiovascular disease (Scott & Dickey, 2003; WHO, 2001b). Furthermore, mental health disabilities are becoming increasingly common in the workplace. According to the Canadian Community Health Survey, in 2002, approximately one in every five individuals over the age of 15 experienced psychological symptoms over the course of the year, including depression, anxiety disorders, and alcohol or drug dependence (CCHS; Statistics Canada, 2003). Estimates exist that approximately 10 % of the working population has at least one mental health disorder (Dewa, Lin, Kooehoorn, & Goldner, 2007). Given these numbers, it is not surprising that the societal costs of mental health disorders are so high. In North America, the annual societal costs are estimated at $83.1 billion (Greenberg et al., 2003) and, in the European Union, at EU$320 billion (Andlin-Sobocki, Jonsson, Wittchen, & Olesen 2005). Between 30 and 60 % of the costs are losses associated with reduced productivity. In Canada, this cost has been estimated to be C$17.7 billion annually (Lim, Jacobs, Ohinmaa, Schopflocher, & Dewa, 2008). Absenteeism (to be discussed later in this chapter) related to mental health problems accounts for about 7 % of the total payroll (Watson Wyatt Worldwide, 2000). Stephens and Joubert (2001) suggested that the costs to Canadian employers in lost productivity arising from presenteeism (i.e., less than optimal job performance) and absenteeism due to mental health problems are in the billions of dollars each year. Overall, mental health problems have a multifold impact on work, including diminished productivity, absenteeism, presenteeism and short-term disability, increased unemployment rates, early retirement, as well as decreased productivity related to spillover effects on coworkers and supervisors (Dewa & McDaid, 2010). It therefore seems there are significant economic, social and humanitarian reasons to implement workplace initiatives which will reduce the incidence of mental health distress in the workplace, as well as to facilitate the rehabilitation of those employees affected by mental health disabilities (Dewa & McDaid, 2010).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 509.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 649.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 649.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akabas, S. H. (1994). Workplace responsiveness: Key employer characteristics in support of job maintenance for people with mental illness. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 17(3), 91–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akabas, S. H., & Gates, L. B. (2010). Inclusion of people with mental health disabilities into the workplace: Accommodation as a social process. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andlin-Sobocki, P., Jonsson, B., Wittchen, H. U., & Olesen, J. (2005). Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe. European Journal of Neurology, 12(Suppl 1), 1–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, W. A., & Blanch, A. K. (1989). Research on community support services: What have we learned? Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 12(3), 55–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arthur, A. R. (2000). Employee assistance programs: The emperor’s new clothes of stress management. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 28(4), 549–559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, M. W., & Marcus, S. C. (2010). Stigma, discrimination, and employment outcomes among persons with mental health disabilities. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berndt, E. R., Finkelstein, S. N., Greenberg, P. E., Howland, R. H., Keith, A., Rush, A. J., et al. (1998). Workplace performance effects from chronic depression and its treatment. Journal of Health Economics, 17, 511–535.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, M. (2004). Determinants of employment status among a community-based sample of people with epilepsy: Implications for rehabilitation interventions. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 47(2), 112–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Black, C. (2008). Working for a healthier tomorrow. London: TSO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bond, G. R. (2004). Supported employment: Evidence for an evidence-based practice. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 27(4), 345–359.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, G. R., Becker, D. R., Drake, R. E., Rapp, C. A., Meisler, N., Lehman, A. F., et al. (2001). Implementing supported employment as an evidence-based practice. Psychiatric Services, 52(3), 313–322.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, G., Drake, R., & Becker, D. (2008). An update on randomized controlled trials of evidence-based supported employment. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 31, 280–290.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, G. R., McHugo, G. J., Becker, D. R., Rapp, C. A., & Whitley, R. (2008). Fidelity of supported employment: Lessons learned from the national evidence-based practice project. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 31, 300–305.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruyere, S.M. (Ed.) (2000). Employing and accommodating workers with psychiatric disabilities (Brochure). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University (Originally written in 1994, and updated in 2000 by L.L. Manusco). http://digitalcommons.ilr.conrnell.edu/edicollect/5

  • Canadian Mental Health Association. (2011). Mental health works. Retrieved from http://www.mentalhealthworks.ca/

  • Canadian Mental Health Association, Calgary Region. (2008). The copernicus project. Retrieved from http://www.cmha.calgary.ab.ca/programs/PDFs/Biff

  • Center, C. (2010). Law and job accommodation in mental health disability. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cockburn, L., Krupa, T., Bickenbach, J., Kirsh, B., Gewurtz, R., Chan, P., et al. (2006). Work and psychiatric disability in Canadian Public Policy. Canadian Public Policy, XXXII(2), 197–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Commission of the European Communities. (2008). European pact for mental health and wellbeing. Commission of the European Communities. http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_determinants/life_style/mental/docs/pact_en.pdf

  • Corrigan, P. W., Larson, J. E., & Kuwabara, S. (2007). Mental illness stigma and the fundamental components of supported employment. Rehabilitation Psychology, 52, 451–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Couture, S. M., & Penn, D. L. (2003). Interpersonal contact and the stima of mental illness: A review of the literature. Journal of Mental Health, 12(3), 291–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crowther, R. E., Marshall, M., Bond, G. R., & Huxley, P. (2001a). Helping people with severe mental disorder obtain work: Systematic review. British Medical Journal, 322, 204–208.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crowther, R. E., Marshall, M., Bond, G. R., & Huxley, P. (2001b). Vocational rehabilitation for people with severe mental illness (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library, 4. Oxford: Update Software.

    Google Scholar 

  • Currier, K. F., Chan, F., Berven, N. L., Habeck, R. V., & Taylor, D. W. (2001). Functions and knowledge domains for disability management practice: A delphi study. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 44(3), 133–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Work and Pensions and Department of Health. (2008). Improving health and work: Changing lives. London: Department of Work and Pensions.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewa, C. S., Lin, E., Kooehoorn, M., & Goldner, E. (2007). Association of chronic work stress, psychiatric disorders and chronic physical conditions with disability among workers. Psychiatric Services, 58(5), 652–658.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dewa, C. S., & McDaid, D. (2010). Investing in the mental health of the labour force: Epidemiological and economic impact of mental health disabilities in the workplace. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drake, R. E., McHugo, G. J., Becker, D. R., Anthony, W. A., & Clark, R. E. (1996). The New Hampshire study of supported employment for people with severe mental illness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 391–399.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fadyl, J. K., & McPherson, K. M. (2009). Approaches to vocational rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury: A review of the evidence. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 24(3), 195–212.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gallie, K. A., Schultz, I. Z., & Winter, A. (2010). Company-level interventions in mental health. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gates, L. B., & Akabas, S. H. (2010). Inclusion of people with mental health disabilities into the workplace: Accommodation as a social process. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Global business and economic roundtable on addiction and mental health, (2005). Retrieved September 12, 2005, from http://www.mentalhealthroundtable.ca/about_us.html

  • Gnam, W. H. (2005). The prediction of occupational disability related to depressive and anxiety disorders. In I. Z. Schultz & R. J. Gatchel (Eds.), Handbook of complex occupational disability claims: Early risk identification, intervention and prevention (pp. 371–384). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldner, E., Bilsker, D., Gilbert, M., Myette, L., Corbière, M., & Dewa, C. S. (2004). Disability management, return to work and treatment. Healthcare Papers, 5(2), 76–90.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, P. E., Kessler, R., Birnbaum, H. G., Leong, S. A., Lowe, S. W., Bergland, P. A., et al. (2003). The economic burden of depression in the United States: How did it change between 1990 and 2000? The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64(12), 1465–1475.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Habeck, R. V., & Hunt, H. A. (1999). Disability management perspectives. Developing accommodating work environments through disability management. American rehabilitation, 25, 18–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haffey, W. J., & Abrams, D. L. (1991). Employment outcomes for participants in a brain injury work re-entry program: Preliminary findings. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 6(3), 24–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harder, H., Hawley, J., & Stewart, A. (2010). Disability management approach to job accommodation for mental health disability. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harnois, G., & Gabriel, P. (2000). Mental health work: Impact, issues and good practices. Joint publication of the World Health Organization [WHO] and the International Labour Organization [ILO], (pp. 1–66). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO/ILO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haslan, C., Atkinson, S., Brown, S. S., & Haslan, R. A. (2005). Anxiety and depression in the workplace: effects on the individual and organization (a focus group investigation). Journal of Affective Disorders, 88, 209–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holzberg, E. (2001). The best practice for gaining and maintaining employment for individuals with traumatic brain injury. Work, 16, 245–258.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnstone, B., Vessell, R., Bounds, T., Hoskins, S., & Sherman, A. (2003). Predictors of success for state vocational rehabilitation clients with traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 84, 161–167.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kirsh, B., & Gewurtz, R. (2010). Organizational culture and work issues for individuals with mental health disabilities. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirsh, B., Stergiou-Kita, M., Gewurtz, R., Dawson, D., Krupa, T., Lysaght, R., et al. (2009). From margins to mainstream: What do we know about work integration for persons with brain injury, mental illness and intellectual disability. Work, 32, 391–405.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krupa, T. (2007). Interventions to improve employment outcomes for workers who experience mental illness. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 52(6), 339–345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krupa, T. (2010a). Approaches to improving employment outcomes for people with serious mental illness. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krupa, T. (2010b). Employment and serious mental health disabilities. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krupa, T., Kirsh, B., Cockburn, L., & Gewurtz, R. (2010). Understanding the stigma of mental illness in employment. Work, 33, 413–425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krupa, T., & Lysaght, R. (2011). Case studies on information rich, inclusive workplace: How employers, co-workers, unions, employer associations, occupational health professionals and disability organizations can work together to create an environment that supports people with disabilities who have intermittent work capacity. Ottawa: Human Resources and Skill Development Canada

    Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, D., Adler, D., Hermann, R. C., Rogers, W. H., Change, H., Thomas, P., et al. (2010). Depression and work performance: The Work and Health Initiative Study. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, K. L., Jacobs, P., Ohinmaa, A., Schopflocher, D., & Dewa, C. S. (2008). A new population-based measure of the economic burden of mental illness in Canada. Chronic Diseases in Canada, 28(3), 92–98.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loisel, P., Durand, M., Berthelette, D., Vézina, N., Baril, R., Gagnon, D., et al. (2001). Disability prevention: New paradigm for the management of occupational back pain. Disease Management and Health Outcomes, 9(7), 351–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lysaght, R., Krupa, T., & Gregory, A. (2011). Employers’ perspectives of intermittent work capacity: What can qualitative research tell us? Ottawa: Human Resources and Skill Development Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald-Wilson, K. L., Rogers, E. S., & Massaro, J. (2003). Identifying relationships between functional limitations, job accommodations, and demographic characteristics of persons with psychiatric disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 18, 15–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald-Wilson, K. L., Rogers, E. S., Massaro, J., Lyass, A., & Crean, T. (2002). An investigation of reasonable workplace accommodations for people with psychiatric disabilities: Quantitative findings from a multi-site study. Community Mental Health Journal, 38(1), 35–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald-Wilson, K. L., Russinova, Z., Rogers, E. S., Lin, C. H., Ferguson, T., Dong, S., et al. (2010). Disclosure of mental health disabilities in the workplace. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macias, C., DeCarlo, L. T., Wang, Q., Frey, J., & Barreira, P. (2001). Work interest as a predictor of competitive employment: Policy implications for psychiatric rehabilitation. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 28(4), 279–297.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McInnes, M., Orgul, D., McDermott, S., & Mann, J. (2010). Does supported employment work? Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 29, 506–525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Means, C. D., Stewart, S. L., & Dowler, D. L. (1997). Job accommodations that work: A follow-up study of adults with attention deficit disorder. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 28(4), 13–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mental Health Commission of Canada. (2009). Toward recovery and well-being: A framework for a mental health strategy for Canada, Retrieved from http://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/SiteCollectionDocuments/boarddocs/15507_MHCC_EN_final.pdf .

  • Mental Health Commission of Canada. (2011). Opening minds program, Retrieved from http://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca

  • Mueser, K. T., Becker, D. R., & Wolfe, R. (2001). Supported employment, job preferences, job tenure and satisfaction. Journal of Mental Health, 10(4), 411–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003). Achieving the promise: transforming mental health in America. Final report. Rockville, MD. US Department of Health and Human Services, Publication SMA-03-3832

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, E. S., & MacDonald-Wilson, K. L. (2010). Vocational capacity among individuals with mental health disabilities. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheid, T. L. (1998). The ADA, mental disability, and employment practices. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 25(3), 312–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, I. Z. (2008). Disentangling disability quagmire in psychological injury and law. Part II Evolution of disability models: Conceptual, methodological and forensic issues. Psychological Injury and Law, 1(2), 103–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, I. Z., Crook, J., Fraser, K., & Joy, P. (2000). Models of diagnosis and rehabilitation in pain-related occupational disability. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 10(4), 271–293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, I. Z., Duplassie, D., Hanson, D., & Winter, A. (2010). Systemic barriers and facilitators to job accommodations in mental health: Experts’ consensus. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, I. Z., & Gatchel, R. J. (2005). Research and practice directions in risk for disability prediction and early intervention. In I. Z. Schultz & R. J. Gatchel (Eds.), Handbook of complex occupational disability claims: Early risk identification, intervention and prevention. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, I. Z., Krupa, T., & Rogers, S. E. (2010). Best practices in accommodating and retaining persons with mental health disabilities at work: Answered and unanswered questions. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, I. Z., Milner, R., Hanson, D., & Winter, A. (2010). Employer attitudes towards accommodations in mental health disability. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, I. Z., Stowell, A. W., Feuerstein, M., & Gatchel, R. J. (2007). Models of return to work for musculoskeletal disorders. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 17, 327–352.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, I. Z., Winter, A., & Wald, J. (2010). Evidentiary support for best practices in job accommodation in mental health: Macrosystem, employer-level and employee-level interventions. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, J., & Dickey, B. (2003). Global burden of depression: The intersection of culture and medicine. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 183, 92–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scully, S. M., Habeck, R. V., & Leahy, M. J. (1999). Knowledge and skill areas associated with disability management practice for rehabilitation counselors. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 43(1), 20–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shain, M. (2009). Psychological safety at work: Emergence of a corporate and social agenda in Canada. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 11(3), 42–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherbourne, C. D., Wells, K. B., Duan, N., Miranda, J., Unutzer, J., Jaycox, L., et al. (2001). Long-term effectiveness of disseminating quality improvement for depression in primary care. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 696–703.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. L., Rost, K. M., Nutting, P. A., Libby, A. M., Elliott, C. E., & Pyne, J. M. (2002). Impact of primary care depression intervention on employment and workplace conflict outcomes: Is value added? The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 5, 43–49.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spataro, S. E. (2005). Diversity in context: How organizational culture shapes reactions to workers with disabilities and others who are demographically different. Behavioral Science and Law, 23, 21–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology. (2006, May). Out of the shadows at last. Transforming mental health, mental illness and addiction services in Canada (Final Report, pp. 1–484). Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Canada (2003). Canadian Community Health Survey [CCHS] - Mental health and well-being (Rep. No. Catalogue no.82-617-XIE).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, T., & Joubert, N. (2001). The economic burden of mental health problems. Chronic Diseases in Canada, 22(1), 18–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stone, D., & Colella, A. (1996). A model of factors affecting the treatment of disabled individuals in organizations. Academic Management Review, 21, 352–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuart, H. (2006). Mental illness and employment discrimination. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 19, 522–526.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Szymanski, E., & Vancollins, J. (2003). Career development of people with disabilities: Some new and not-so-new challenges. Australian Journal of Career Development, 12, 9–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • US Department of Labor Job Accommodation Network. (2007). Accommodation information by disability. Morgantown, WV. [JAN is a contracted service funded by the U.S. Government, Department of Labour, Office of Disability Employment Policy under agreement J-9-M-2-0022]. Electronic version retrieved from http://www.jan.wvu.edu/media/atoz.htm

  • US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2002). Enforcement guidance: Reasonable accommodation and undue hardship under the Americans with disabilities act. Retrieved from http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/accommodation.html

  • Vézina, M., Bourbonnais, R., Brisson, C., & Trudel, L. (2004). Workplace prevention and promotion strategies. Healthcare Papers, 5(2), 32–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J. L. (2010). Mental health literacy and stigma associated with depression in the working population. In I. Z. Schultz & E. S. Rogers (Eds.), Work accommodation and retention in mental health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warr, P. B. (1987). Work, unemployment and mental health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson Wyatt Worldwide. (2000). Staying at work 2000/2001—the dollars and sense of effective disability management. Vancouver: Watson Wyatt Worldwide.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westmorland, M., & Buys, N. (2002). Disability management in a sample of Australian self-insured companies. Disability and Rehabilitation, 24(14), 746–754.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams-Whitt, K., & Taras, D. (2010). Disability and the performance Paradox: Can social capital bridge the divide? Brithish Journal of Industrial Relations, 48, 534–559.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2005). Mental health action plan for Europe. Facing the challenges, building solutions. Copenhagen: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization [WHO]. (2001a). International classification of functioning, disability and health. Geneva: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization [WHO]. (2001b). The world health report 2001—Mental health: New understanding, new hope. Geneva: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

Parts of this chapter were informed by research reports prepared for a Social Development Canada funded project “Towards Evidence-Informed Best Practice Guidelines for Job Accommodations for Persons with Mental Health Disabilities” and published in Work Accommodation and Retention in Mental Health, Schultz I.Z. & E.S. Rogers (eds) 2011; Springer.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Izabela Z. Schultz Ph.D.

  2. Department School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, 31 George Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada

    Terry Krupa Ph.D.

  3. Department—Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, 940 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    E. Sally Rogers Sc.D.

  4. BC Women’s Hospital & Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Alanna Winter

Authors
  1. Izabela Z. Schultz Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Terry Krupa Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. E. Sally Rogers Sc.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alanna Winter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Izabela Z. Schultz Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, S. Nedderman Drive 501, Arlington, 76019-0528, Texas, USA

    Robert J. Gatchel

  2. , Dept of Educational and Counseling Psych, University of British Columbia, Main Hall 2125, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada

    Izabela Z. Schultz

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schultz, I.Z., Krupa, T., Rogers, E.S., Winter, A. (2012). Organizational Aspects of Work Accommodation and Retention in Mental Health. In: Gatchel, R., Schultz, I. (eds) Handbook of Occupational Health and Wellness. Handbooks in Health, Work, and Disability. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4839-6_20

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation