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Viruses and Autoimmune Diabetes in Rats

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Diabetes and Viruses

Abstract

The role of viral infection in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes in humans remains an open question. Viruses are variously thought to be causative, preventive, or irrelevant. The rat models of the disease suggest that the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity can be multifaceted, with effects that are dependent on viral agent, host age, genetic background, and the immunological environment of the host at the time of infection. Among inbred strains with spontaneous onset of diabetes (BBDP, LEW.1AR1-iddm), the prevalence of disease generally increases with progressive removal of viruses from their environment. In contrast, in two rat strains with genetic susceptibility but little or no spontaneous diabetes in clean environments (BBDR, LEW.1WR1), infection with viruses from several families (parvovirus, enterovirus, poxvirus, herpesvirus) can trigger the disorder. The ability of viruses to do so is limited to juvenile animals, is dependent sensitively on the state of innate immunity before infections, and is strain dependent. Maternal immunization can prevent the onset of diabetes in infected offspring. The rat models of type 1 diabetes suggest that the role of infection in autoimmunity is complex but amenable to dissection.

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Acknowledgements

Supported in part by grants 7-11-BS-102 (JPM), 7-08-RA-106 (JPM) and 7-06-BS-18 (EPB) from the American Diabetes Association, 1-2006-745, 1-2007-584, and 5-2008-224 from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (DZ), and R21AI088480 (EBP) and DK32520 from the National Institutes of Health. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

    John P. Mordes M.D. (Professor of Eudoeriuology and Metabolism) & Zhijun Liu (Professor of Eudoeriuology and Metabolism)

  2. Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA

    Danny Zipris

  3. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Elizabeth P. Blankenhorn

Authors
  1. John P. Mordes M.D.
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  2. Danny Zipris
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  3. Zhijun Liu
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  4. Elizabeth P. Blankenhorn
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Correspondence to John P. Mordes M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dent, Centre for Diabetes & Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Cell & Molecular Science, n/a, London, E1 2AT, United Kingdom

    Keith Taylor

  2. Tampere University Hospital, Department of Virology, University of Tampere, n/a, Tampere, 33520, Finland

    Heikki Hyöty

  3. University of Insubria & Ospedale di Cir, Varese, Italy

    Antonio Toniolo

  4. University College London Medical School, n/a, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom

    Arie J. Zuckerman

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Mordes, J.P., Zipris, D., Liu, Z., Blankenhorn, E.P. (2013). Viruses and Autoimmune Diabetes in Rats. In: Taylor, K., Hyöty, H., Toniolo, A., Zuckerman, A. (eds) Diabetes and Viruses. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4051-2_7

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