Abstract
Spatial order and fast collective coherent dynamics of populations of the swimming bacteria Bacillus subtilis emerges from local interactions and from flows generated by the organisms’ locomotion. The transition from dilute, to intermediate, to high concentrations of cells is analyzed and presented as probability density functions for swimming velocity. The low concentration phase, which exhibits swimming speeds characteristic of individual bacteria, arrives at the anomalously high speed phase,the ZoomingBioNematic (ZBN), via an intermediate phase that exhibits surprisingly low mean speeds. We show that these low speeds at intermediate concentrations are due to transitional speeds that occur after collisions of the organisms, while the flagella that propel the bacteria re-form into a “bundle”. Measurement of individual and collective velocities, as well as correlation of speeds with alignment of velocity directions, within and adjacent to coherent patches, were found by Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV). The significance for mixing of the ZBN dynamic is demonstrated.
Work supported by DOE-W-31-109-ENG-38.
AMS(MOS) subject classifications. 00Bxx
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DAMPT, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,R.E.Goldstein@damtp.cam.ac.uk.
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PTV system written in MATLAB based original source code by Nicholas Darnton and Jacob D. Jaffe (Rowland Institute at Harvard University 2003) with modifications by one of the authors (LHC).
Terrific Broth (TB): 48.2 g Ezmix Terrific Broth (Sigma) and 8 ml glycerol in sufficient water to make 1 liter of medium
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Cisneros, L.H., Ganguly, S., Goldstein, R.E., Kessler, J.O. (2012). Individual to Collective Dynamics of Swimming Bacteria. In: Childress, S., Hosoi, A., Schultz, W., Wang, J. (eds) Natural Locomotion in Fluids and on Surfaces. The IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications, vol 155. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3997-4_5
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