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Treatment Methods Commonly Used in Conjunction with Functional Assessment

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Functional Assessment for Challenging Behaviors

Part of the book series: Autism and Child Psychopathology Series ((ACPS))

Abstract

Treatments designed to address the function of behavior have become a hallmark of behavior analysis. To identify environmental variables maintaining problem behavior, a functional analysis is typically conducted prior to developing treatment. This process allows the clinician or researcher to understand why the problem behavior occurs such that the treatment can be tailored to address those variables (e.g., by rearranging reinforcement contingencies or addressing the motivating operation).

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Notes

  1. 1.

     Whereas some researchers have proposed that the distinction between positive and negative reinforcement should be abandoned on account that the distinction is ambiguous and without functional significance (e.g. Baron & Galizio, 2005; Michael, 1975), others argue that the distinction is both useful and sufficiently engrained in our terminology (e.g., Iwata, 2006; Lattal & Lattal, 2006; Sidman, 2006). We maintain the distinction here to describe whether the stimulus change involved the introduction or withdrawal of a stimulus following the target behavior and stress the importance of describing and analyzing both sides of the stimulus change, including the relevant motivating operations and discriminative stimuli.

  2. 2.

     The term, NCR, has been criticized because the intended (and often observed) effect is the weakening of the target response; yet, reinforcement is defined as an increase in responding to the contingent delivery of a reinforcer (Poling & Normand, 1999). The term, fixed-time (FT) schedule, has been offered as an alternative but this label does not acknowledge the previous functional relation between the target response and the stimulus delivered on the time-based schedule. We use the term NCR in this chapter to maintain contact with the relevant applied literature.

  3. 3.

     In some cases, the effects of response blocking on problem behavior may be more appropriately attributed to the effects of punishment. We refer the reader to Lerman and Iwata (1996) for an example of a procedure that can be used to identify the processes (automatic extinction versus punishment) responsible for decreased responding when response blocking is applied contingent on problem behavior.

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  1. Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985450 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5450, USA

    Nicole M. Rodriguez, Wayne W. Fisher & Michael E. Kelley

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  1. Nicole M. Rodriguez
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  1. , Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803, USA

    Johnny L. Matson

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Rodriguez, N.M., Fisher, W.W., Kelley, M.E. (2012). Treatment Methods Commonly Used in Conjunction with Functional Assessment. In: Matson, J. (eds) Functional Assessment for Challenging Behaviors. Autism and Child Psychopathology Series. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3037-7_11

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