Abstract
As Forest Service Research and Development worked to prepare this book reporting important results from long-term research conducted on U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Experimental Forests and Ranges, the station directors added a chapter to highlight additional accounts of long-term research, its benefits to land managers and policy makers, and lessons learned from the first century of research on Experimental Forests and Ranges. The Northern Research Station described research on tree care and the opening it created to urban natural resource research. The Pacific Southwest Research Station described a series of studies on the relationships among logging, landslides, and water quality that began in 1963 and continues through the present. The International Institute of Tropical Forestry described pioneering work in measuring tree growth in tropical forests. The Pacific Northwest Research Station showed how conclusions vary with the length of an environmental record, and the ways in which their research has contributed to understanding old-growth forests. The Southern Research Station highlighted the contributions of the Coweeta EFR to the science of forest ecosystem hydrology. The Rocky Mountain Research Station showed how data from even a single plot measured over many decades can enhance our understanding of forests and environmental change. Lessons learned include the importance of data quality, sampling intensity and consistency, scale, scientific creativity, and manipulative research. These stories also show us that sites on which long-term data have been collected can serve as settings for important conversations about important social and management questions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Acker SA, McKee WA, Harmon ME et al (1998) Long-term research on forest dynamics in the Pacific Northwest: a network of permanent forest plots. In: Dallmeier F, Comiskey JA (eds) Forest biodiversity in North, Central, and South America and the Caribbean: research and monitoring. 1995 May 23–25. The Parthenon Publishing Group, Inc, Washington, DC. New York, NY, pp 93–106. (Jeffers JNR (ed) Man and the biosphere series, vol 21)
Baatz S (1996) Imperial science and metropolitan ambition: the scientific survey of Puerto Rico, 1913–1934. Ann N Y Acad Sci 776:1–16
Chen H, Harmon ME, Griffiths RP (2001) Decomposition and nitrogen release from decomposing woody roots in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest: a chronosequence approach. Can J For Res 31:246–260
Crow TR (1980) A rainforest chronicle: a 30-year record of change in structure and composition at El Verde, Puerto Rico. Biotropica 12:42–55
Daubenmire R (1957) Injury to plants from rapidly dropping temperature in Washington and northern Idaho. J For 55(8):581–585
Davis KP (1942) Economic management of western white pine forests. Technical Bulletin 830. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 77Â p
Dixon GE (2002) Essential FVS: a user’s guide to the Forest Vegetation Simulator. Internal report. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Management Service Center, Fort Collins, CO, 189 p
Drew AP, Boley JD, Zhao Y (2009) Sixty-two years of change in subtropical wet forest structure and composition at El Verde, Puerto Rico. Interciencia 34(1):34–40
Elliott KJ, Swank WT (2008) Long-term changes in forest composition and diversity following early logging (1919–1923) and the decline of American chestnut (Castaneadentata (Marshall) Borkh.). Plant Ecol 197(2):155–172
Elliott KJ, Swank WT, Vose JM, Bolstad PV (1999) Long-term patterns in vegetation-site relationships in a southern Appalachian forest. J Torrey Bot Soc 126:320–334
Ellison AM, Bank MS, Clinton BD et al (2005) Loss of foundational species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems. Front Ecol Environ 9:479–486
Ford CR, Vose JM (2007) Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Mortality will affect hydrological processes in southern Appalachian forests. Ecol Appl 17(4):1156–1167
Ford CR, Hubbard RM, Kloeppel BD, Vose JM (2007) Acomparison of sap flux-based evapotranspiration estimates with catchment-scale water balance. Agric For Meteorol 145:176–185
Franklin AI (1983) Climate of the Priest River experimental forest, northern Idaho. Gen Tech Rep INT, 159
Franklin JF, Cromack K Jr, Denison W (1981) Ecological characteristics of old-growth Douglas-fir forests. General Technical Report PNW-118, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, OR, 48Â p
Geier MG (2007) Necessary work: discovering old forests, new outlooks, and community on the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, 1948–2000. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-687, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, 357 p
Gifford JC (1905) The Luquillo Forest Reserve, Porto Rico. Bulletin 54. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Forestry, Washington, DC
Gisborne HT (1922) Weather records applied to the fire problem. USDA Forest Service, North. Rocky Mt. Forest and Range Experimental Station, App1. For. Note 34, 4Â p
Gleason HA (1926) The individualistic concept of the plant association. Bull Torrey Bot Club 53:7–26
Gleason HA, Cook MT (1926) Plant ecology of Porto Rico. In: Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. New York Academy of Sciences, New York, pp 1–173
Haig IT (1932) Second-growth yield, stand, and volume tables for western white pine type. Technical Bulletin 323. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 68Â p
Haig IT, Davis KP, Weidman RH (1941) Natural regeneration in the western white pine type. Technical bulletin 767. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 99Â p
Herring M, Greene S (2007) Forest of time: a century of science at Wind River Experimental Forest. Oregon State University Press, Oregon, 188Â p
Hill RT (1899) Notes on the forest conditions of Porto Rico. Bulletin 25. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Forestry, Washington, DC
Jain TB, Graham RT, Morgan P (2004) Western white pine growth relative to forest openings. Can J For Res 34:2187–2197
Jones JA (2000) Hydrologic processes and peak discharge response to forest removal, regrowth, and roads in 10 small experimental basins, western Cascades, Oregon. Water Resour Res 36(9):2621–2642
Jones JA, Post DA (2004) Seasonal and successional streamflow response to forest cutting and regrowth in the northwest and eastern United States. Water Resour Res 40:W05203. doi:10.1029/2003WR002952
Joslin L (2007) Ponderosa promise: a history of U.S. Forest Service research in central Oregon. General Technical Report, PNW-GTR-711, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, 121Â p
Little EL (1970) Relationship of trees of the Luquillo Experimental Forest. In: Odum HT, Pigeon RF (eds) A tropical rain forest. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, pp B47–B58
Little EL, Wadsworth FH (1964) Common trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Agriculture Handbook 249. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC
Lugo AE (2008) Visible and invisible effects of hurricanes on forest ecosystems: an international review. Austral Ecol 33:368–398
Lugo AE, Swanson FJ, Ramos González O (2006) Long-term research at USDA’s Forest Service’s Experimental Forests and Ranges. BioScience 56:39–48
Luoma JR (2006) The hidden forest: the biography of an ecosystem. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, 228Â p (Republished with new foreword by Jerry Franklin)
Murphy LS (1916) Forests of Puerto Rico: past, present, and future and their physical and economic environment. Bulletin 354. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC
Nuckolls AE, Wurzburger N, Ford CR et al (2009) Hemlock declines rapidly with hemlock woolly adelgid infestation: impacts on the carbon cycle of southern Appalachian forests. Ecosystem 12:179–190
Phillips OL, Baker TR, Arroyo L (2005) Late twentieth-century patterns and trends in Amazon tree turnover. In: Mahli Y, Phillips OL (eds) Tropical forests & global atmospheric change. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 107–127
Spies TA, Duncan SL (2009) Old growth in a new world: a Pacific Northwest icon reexamined. Island Press, Washington, DC, 344Â p
Swank WT, Vose JM, Elliott KJ (2001) Long-term hydrologic and water quality responses following commercial clearcutting of mixed hardwoods on a southern Appalachian catchment. For Ecol Manage 133:1–16
Swift LW Jr, Cunningham GB, Douglass JE (1988) Climatology and hydrology. In: Swank WT, Crossley JDA (eds) Forest hydrology and ecology at Coweeta: ecological studies, vol 66. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 35–55
Wadsworth FH (1995) A forest research institution in the West Indies: the first 50 years. In: Lugo AE, Lowe C (eds) Tropical forests: management and ecology. Springer, New York, pp 33–56
You C, Petty WH (1991) Effects of Hurricane Hugo on Manilkarabidentata, a primary tree species in the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico. Biotropica 23:400–406
Ziemer RR (technical coordinator) (1998) Proceedings of the conference on coastal watersheds: the Caspar Creek Story. General Technical Report, PSW-GTR-168, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, CA, 149Â p
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lugo, A., Eav, B., Foster, G., Rains, M., Reaves, J., Stouder, D. (2014). Forest Service Experimental Forests and Long-term Data Sets: Stories of Their Meaning to Station Directors. In: Hayes, D., Stout, S., Crawford, R., Hoover, A. (eds) USDA Forest Service Experimental Forests and Ranges. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1818-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1818-4_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-1817-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-1818-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)