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Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy for the Prevention and Management of Childbirth Trauma

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Childbirth Trauma

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Abstract

Pregnancy and childbirth are known risk factors for weakening and injury to the perineum and pelvic floor muscles. Stretch and rupture of peripheral nerves, connective tissue and pelvic floor muscles may cause pelvic floor dysfunctions such as urinary and anal incontinence. Controlled trials have found pelvic floor muscle training to be effective in both prevention and treatment of incontinence. Common factors for all trials reporting a positive effect of pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFMT) in pregnancy or postpartum are found to be thorough clinical assessment of the women’s ability to perform a voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction, close individual or group follow-up, and high adherence to the exercise protocol. Symptoms of incontinence before or during pregnancy have been found to be the main risk factors for incontinence symptoms postpartum. Similarly, women with symptoms of incontinence in the first year after delivery have an increased risk of long term incontinence symptoms. The cost of incontinence-related illness is a substantial economic and human burden, highlighting the need for effective forms of prevention and management.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Department, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway

    Siv Mørkved PhD, MSc

  2. Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

    Siv Mørkved PhD, MSc & Signe Nilssen Stafne PhD, MSc

  3. Department of Clincal Services, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway

    Signe Nilssen Stafne PhD, MSc

  4. Department of Physiotherapy, Ostfold Hospital Trust, Fredrikstad, Norway

    Hege Hølmo Johannessen PhD, MSc

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  1. Siv Mørkved PhD, MSc
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  2. Signe Nilssen Stafne PhD, MSc
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  3. Hege Hølmo Johannessen PhD, MSc
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Correspondence to Siv Mørkved PhD, MSc .

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  1. St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom

    Stergios K Doumouchtsis

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Mørkved, S., Stafne, S.N., Johannessen, H.H. (2017). Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy for the Prevention and Management of Childbirth Trauma. In: Doumouchtsis, S. (eds) Childbirth Trauma. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6711-2_17

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