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Sensor Design

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Engineering Haptic Devices

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Touch and Haptic Systems ((SSTHS))

Abstract

Multiple sensors are applied in haptic devices designs. Even if they are not closed-loop controlled in a narrow sense of force or torque generation, they are used to detect movement ranges and limits or the detection of the presence of a user and its type of interaction with an object or human–machine interface (HMI). Almost any type of technical sensor had been applied in the context of haptic devices. Especially, the emerging market of gesture-based user interaction and integration of haptics due to ergonomic reasons extends the range of sensors potentially relevant for haptic devices. This chapter gives an introduction in technologies and design principles for force/torque sensors and addresses common types of positioning, velocity, and acceleration sensors. Further, sensors for touch and imaging sensors are addressed briefly in this section.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For substrate material mainly (layer-) ceramics are used. Less frequent is the use of metals, as isolating layers have to be provided then.

  2. 2.

    Also single semiconducting elements without organic substrate are available. They are highly miniaturized (width of about \(230\,\upmu \text {m}\), length of about \(400\,\upmu \text {m}\)), but has to be insulated from the deformation element.

  3. 3.

    Face centered cubic.

  4. 4.

    By isolating arrays instead of single sensors in the last processing step.

  5. 5.

    The force can be calculated taking the contact area into account.

  6. 6.

    Due to the small electrodes a small basic capacitance is achieved, comp. equation in Fig. 10.20.

  7. 7.

    With respect to “force” component.

  8. 8.

    In vacuum it is equal to speed of light \(c_0 = 2.99792458\times 10^8\)m/s.

  9. 9.

    Both versions are possible: Measuring the transmitted and the reflected radiation.

  10. 10.

    This crystal is especially applicable for high temperature requirements.

  11. 11.

    A semiconducting material.

  12. 12.

    The examples presented here are discussed either for translatory and rotatory applications. But all principles may be applied to both, as a translation is just a rotation on a circle with infinite diameter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Sandhofer Straße 116, 68305, Mannheim, Germany

    Jacqueline Rausch

  2. Continental Automotive GmbH, VDO-Straße 1, 64832, Babenhausen, Germany

    Thorsten A. Kern

  3. Institute of Electromechanical Design, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Merckstr. 25, 64283, Darmstadt, Germany

    Christian Hatzfeld

Authors
  1. Jacqueline Rausch
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  2. Thorsten A. Kern
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  3. Christian Hatzfeld
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Correspondence to Jacqueline Rausch .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Elektromechanische Konstruk, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

    Christian Hatzfeld

  2. Alsbach, Germany

    Thorsten A. Kern

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© 2014 Springer-Verlag London

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Rausch, J., Kern, T.A., Hatzfeld, C. (2014). Sensor Design. In: Hatzfeld, C., Kern, T. (eds) Engineering Haptic Devices. Springer Series on Touch and Haptic Systems. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6518-7_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6518-7_10

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  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-6517-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-6518-7

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