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Applied Cardiovascular Physiology in the PICU

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Pediatric Critical Care Medicine

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Abstract

Normal cellular function is critically dependent upon oxygen, as evidenced by the relative complexity of the organ systems that have evolved to transport oxygen from the surrounding environment to the cells – namely, the cardiac, respiratory, peripheral vascular, and hematopoietic systems. Cells do not have the means to store oxygen, and are therefore dependent upon a continuous supply that closely matches the changing metabolic needs that are necessary for normal metabolism and cellular function. If oxygen supply is not aligned with these metabolic requirements, hypoxia will ensue, eventually resulting in cellular injury and/or death. In addition to the body’s compensatory mechanisms to augment oxygen delivery to the tissues, most of the management of critical illness is directed at restoring the normal balance between oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption. A thorough understanding of cardiovascular physiology, particularly as it applies to the management of the critically ill child in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) is therefore of utmost importance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2005, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA

    Katja M. Gist DO, MA, MSCS

  2. Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Yorkhill Children’s Hospital, Dalnair Street, Glasgow, G3 8SJ, Scotland, UK

    Neil Spenceley MB ChB, MRCPCH

  3. Division of Paediatric Intensive Care, Department of Paediatrics, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia

    Bennett J. Sheridan MBBS, FRACP, FCICM

  4. Division of Paediatric Cardiology and Paediatric Intensive Care, Department of Paediatrics, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore

    Graeme MacLaren MBBS, DipEcho, FCICM, FCCM

  5. Paediatric ICU, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Flemington Rd, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia

    Graeme MacLaren MBBS, DipEcho, FCICM, FCCM

  6. Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Derek S. Wheeler MD, MMM

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  1. Katja M. Gist DO, MA, MSCS
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  2. Neil Spenceley MB ChB, MRCPCH
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  3. Bennett J. Sheridan MBBS, FRACP, FCICM
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  4. Graeme MacLaren MBBS, DipEcho, FCICM, FCCM
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  5. Derek S. Wheeler MD, MMM
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Correspondence to Bennett J. Sheridan MBBS, FRACP, FCICM .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Derek S. Wheeler

  2. Div. of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Hector R. Wong

  3. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    Thomas P. Shanley

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Gist, K.M., Spenceley, N., Sheridan, B.J., MacLaren, G., Wheeler, D.S. (2014). Applied Cardiovascular Physiology in the PICU. In: Wheeler, D., Wong, H., Shanley, T. (eds) Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6356-5_17

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