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Malignant Tumors of the Central Nervous System

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Occupational Cancers

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Abstract

Malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) occur mainly in the brain, as the anatomic site is in the other parts of the CNS only in <10 %. Less than 10 % of gliomas are spinal, and their most common histological type is ependymoma, but low-grade astrocytomas are not infrequent. Brain and other CNS cancers make up approximately 2 % of all primary cancers and, with a global total of 238,000 cases, rank as the 16th most common type of cancer. The occupational etiology of brain cancers has not been well established. Increased brain cancer risks have been reported in agricultural occupations and among physicians. However, the specific agents that could explain the excesses have not been identified. High doses of ionizing radiation increase the risk, but the role of the doses within the current workplace regulations is unclear, with the effect size predicted by linear extrapolation from higher doses being very low. Despite considerable efforts, no consistent evidence linking occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields or pesticides with brain cancer risk has been obtained.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Hannu Haapasalo, MD (Tampere University Hospital) for comments on pathology of brain tumors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, University of Tampere, Medisiinarinkatu 3, Tampere, 33014, Finland

    Anssi Auvinen MD, PhD

  2. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Peter D. Inskip ScD

Authors
  1. Anssi Auvinen MD, PhD
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  2. Peter D. Inskip ScD
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Correspondence to Anssi Auvinen MD, PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Helsinki University Central Hospital and Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland

    Sisko Anttila

  2. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

    Paolo Boffetta

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Auvinen, A., Inskip, P.D. (2014). Malignant Tumors of the Central Nervous System. In: Anttila, S., Boffetta, P. (eds) Occupational Cancers. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2825-0_27

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