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Calcitonin: Its Physiological Role and Emerging Therapeutics

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Bone-Metabolic Functions and Modulators

Part of the book series: Topics in Bone Biology ((TBB,volume 7))

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Abstract

Calcitonin was discovered more than 40 years ago as a hormone that lowers circulating calcium levels [14, 15]. In mammals, the major site of calcitonin synthesis is the parafollicular cells of the thyroid, which secrete calcitonin in response to an increase in plasma calcium concentration and in response to a number of gut hormones, including gastrin and glucagon. Calcitonin is metabolized in the kidneys and has a plasma half-life of approximately 5 min. Calcitonin has been identified in many species, and salmon calcitonin, which shares only 50% sequence identity with human calcitonin, shows much greater potency than human calcitonin in most biological assays [31]. Human calcitonin is a 32-amino-acid peptide with a disulfide bridge between the cysteine residues at positions 1 and 7 and a proline-amide group at the C-terminus [6]. Both the bridge and the amide group along with the full amino acid sequence are necessary for calcitonin’s biological activity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand

    Jillian Cornish Ph.D. & Dorit Naot Ph.D.

  2. Bone Cell Biology and Disease, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St., Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia

    T. John Martin M.D., D.Sc.

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  1. Health Center, Dept. Pharmacology, University of Connecticut, Farmington Ave. 263, Farmington, 06030-6125, Connecticut, USA

    Felix Bronner

  2. , Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biol, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, 77005, Texas, USA

    Mary C. Farach-Carson

  3. , General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom

    Helmtrud I. Roach

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Cornish, J., Naot, D., Martin, T.J. (2012). Calcitonin: Its Physiological Role and Emerging Therapeutics. In: Bronner, F., Farach-Carson, M., Roach, H. (eds) Bone-Metabolic Functions and Modulators. Topics in Bone Biology, vol 7. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2745-1_6

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