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Lithium-Ion Battery Systems and Technology

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Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology

Definition of the Subject

Lithium-ion battery (LIB) is one of rechargeable battery types in which lithium ions move from the negative electrode (anode) to the positive electrode (cathode) during discharge, and back when charging. It is the most popular choice for consumer electronics applications mainly due to high-energy density, longer cycle and shelf life, and no memory effect. With Li-ion batteries currently gaining much attraction in electric drive vehicle, the concern for global warming and a clean environment may be well served with advances in such systems.

Introduction

During the last 15 years, lithium-ion batteries have dominated the advanced energy sources by powering the modern portable electronics and replaced many other commercial battery systems in the market. The prime reasons for its rapid success and proliferation in consumer electronic market are its superior characteristics over other battery systems, namely, high voltage, high-energy...

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Abbreviations

Active material:

The material in the electrodes of a cell or battery that takes part in the electrochemical reactions of charge or discharge.

Battery/battery pack:

An assembly of any number of Li-ion cells, associated electronics, battery packaging, and connector(s).

Capacity:

The total number of Ampere-hours (Ah) that can be withdrawn from a fully charged cell or battery under specified conditions of discharge.

Cell:

Basic lithium ion unit providing a source of electrical energy by direct conversion of chemical energy that consists of electrodes, separator, electrolyte, container, and terminals, and that is designed to be charged electrically.

Current collector:

An inert member of high electrical conductivity used to conduct current from or to an electrode during discharge or charge.

Cycle:

The discharge and subsequent or preceding charge of a Li-ion cell or battery such that it is restored to its original conditions.

Cycle life:

The number of cycles under specified conditions which are available from a Li-ion cell or battery before it fails to meet specified criteria as to performance.

Electrolyte:

The medium which provides the ion transport mechanism between the positive and negative electrodes of a cell.

Negative electrode:

The electrode acting as an anode when a cell or battery is discharging.

Overcharge:

The forcing of a current through a Li-ion cell or battery pack after it has been fully charged.

Positive electrode:

The electrode acting as a cathode when a cell or battery is discharging.

Separator:

An ionically conductive, electronically insulative material which prevents electronic contact between electrodes of opposite polarity in the same cell.

Thermal runaway:

The cell condition where the internal cell reactions generate more thermal heat than the cell can dissipate. The condition causes cell venting and premature failure.

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  1. Celgard, LLC, 13800 South Lakes Dr., Charlotte, NC, 28273, USA

    Dr. Zhengming (John) Zhang & Dr. Premanand Ramadass

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  1. Dr. Zhengming (John) Zhang
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  2. Dr. Premanand Ramadass
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Correspondence to Zhengming (John) Zhang .

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  1. RAMTECH LIMITED, Larkspur, CA, USA

    Robert A. Meyers

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Zhang, Z.(., Ramadass, P. (2012). Lithium-Ion Battery Systems and Technology . In: Meyers, R.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_663

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