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Primary Culture of the Human Olfactory Neuroepithelium and Utilization for Henipavirus Infection In Vitro

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Nipah Virus

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2682))

Abstract

The olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are a unique cell type involved in the initial perception of odors. These specialized epithelial cells are located in the neuroepithelium of the nasal cavities and directly connect the nasal cavity with the central nervous system (CNS) via axons, which traverse the cribriform plate to synapse within the olfactory bulb. ORNs are derived from precursor cells that lie adjacent to the basal lamina of the olfactory epithelium. These precursor cells divide several times and their progeny differentiate into mature sensory neurons throughout life. In addition to its major and critical role in sensory transduction, the olfactory neuroepithelium may be an important tissue for viral replication and represents a potential site for viral entry into the CNS. In general, to gain access to the CNS, neurotropic viruses such as henipaviruses can use peripheral neural pathways or the circulatory system. However, the olfactory system has been reported to provide a portal of entry to the CNS for henipaviruses. The ability to obtain biopsies from living human subjects and culture these cells in the laboratory provides the opportunity to examine viral replication and effects on a neuronal cell population. As the most exposed and unprotected segment of the nervous system, the olfactory neuroepithelium may have an important role in neuropathology and systemic dissemination of viruses with established CNS effects. This chapter presents methods for primary culture of human ORNs, which have been used successfully by multiple investigators. The protocol provides a consistent, heterogeneous olfactory epithelial cell population, which demonstrates functional responses to odorant mixtures and exhibits several key features of the olfactory receptor neuron phenotype, encompassing olfactory receptors and signaling pathways.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Mehmet Hakan Ozdener & Nancy E. Rawson

  2. Wageningen Bioveterinary Institute, Lelystad and Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Barry Rockx

Authors
  1. Mehmet Hakan Ozdener
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  2. Barry Rockx
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  3. Nancy E. Rawson
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Correspondence to Mehmet Hakan Ozdener .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA

    Alexander N. Freiberg

  2. Wageningen Bioveterinary Institute, Lelystad and Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Barry Rockx

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Ozdener, M.H., Rockx, B., Rawson, N.E. (2023). Primary Culture of the Human Olfactory Neuroepithelium and Utilization for Henipavirus Infection In Vitro. In: Freiberg, A.N., Rockx, B. (eds) Nipah Virus. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2682. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3283-3_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3283-3_9

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  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-3282-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-3283-3

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