Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of generating new blood vessels from an existing vasculature, is essential in normal developmental processes such as endochondral ossification and in numerous kinds of pathogenesis including tumor growth. A part from the actin of angiogenic factor or antiangiogenic factor, it is still unknown at which stage of the angiogenic cascade these agents affect angiogenesis. Here, we describe methods for the use of cellular communication network factor/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) and CCN2-neutralizing antibody in the currently used principal angiogenesis assays, including those in vitro ones for the proliferation, migration, adhesion, and tube formation of endothelial cells and in vivo assays such as those utilizing type I collagen implantation and the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). In addition, we introduce an autofluorescence imaging of blood vessels in the subcutaneous tumor xenograft mouse model. These assays can be applied to studies on roles of CCN proteins in tumor metastasis and development of treatment strategies targeting CCN proteins.
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Acknowledgments
This study was supported by grants from the program Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) to MT (#JP19H03817) and Challenging Research (Pioneering) to MT (#JP20K20611) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and by the Wesco Scientific Promotion Foundation.
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© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
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Shimo, T., Shimatani, M., Tanimura, A., Takigawa, M. (2023). Angiogenesis Assays for the Analysis of CCN Proteins. In: Takigawa, M. (eds) CCN Proteins. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2582. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2744-0_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2744-0_20
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