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Perforated Patch

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Electrophysiological Analysis of Synaptic Transmission

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 187))

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Abstract

In whole-cell patch clamp mode, the internal solution of the micropipette perfuses the cell replacing the much smaller cytosolic solution. Because of this, some soluble factors that modulate cellular excitability and influence signaling pathways are washed out via the micropipette causing altered intracellular signaling, cellular function, or the active state of ion channels. One of the commonly observed consequences is current rundown, which refers to the gradual loss of current over time. To overcome this problem, membrane permeabilizing substrates, including nystatin, amphotericin B, gramicidin D, and β-escin, are commonly used for forming perforation in the membrane. As a result, key cytosolic factors remain in the cytosol. This chapter discusses the mechanisms of action of nystatin, amphotericin B, gramicidin D, and β-escin as well as their advantages and disadvantages in electrophysiology.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA

    Nicholas Graziane

  2. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Yan Dong

Authors
  1. Nicholas Graziane
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  2. Yan Dong
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Nicholas Graziane or Yan Dong .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA

    Nicholas Graziane

  2. Neuroscience Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Yan Dong

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Graziane, N., Dong, Y. (2022). Perforated Patch. In: Graziane, N., Dong, Y. (eds) Electrophysiological Analysis of Synaptic Transmission. Neuromethods, vol 187. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2589-7_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2589-7_7

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  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-2588-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-2589-7

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