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Naturally Derived Biomaterials: An Overview

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Tissue Scaffolds

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Abstract

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network with multiple functions during tissue regeneration. Precisely, the properties of ECM have been thoroughly used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research, aiming to restore the function of damaged or dysfunctional tissues. One of the most promising techniques for tissue and organ regeneration is decellularization, in which the ECM is isolated from its native tissues in order to produce a natural scaffold. The ECM ideally retains its inherent structural, biochemical, and biomechanical cues and can be decellularized to produce a functional tissue or organ. While decellularization can be accomplished using chemical and enzymatic, physical, or a combination of these methods, each strategy has its benefits and drawbacks. A biological scaffold from ECM can be produced by a variety of decellularization methods whose caveat consists in efficiently eliminating cells from the treated tissue. Preservation of the ECM matrix ultrastructure is highly desirable because of its unique architecture, contained growth factors, and decreased immunological response. All of these properties provide attachment sites and adequate environment for the cells colonizing this scaffold, reconstituting the decellularized organ. Tissue decellularization is gaining momentum as a technique to obtain potentially implantable decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) with well-preserved key components. The chapter briefly describes different decellularization methods, evaluates these protocols, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of these methods in terms of their ability to retain desired ECM characteristics for particular tissues and organs.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Naveen Kumar, Aswathy Gopinathan, Swapan Kumar Maiti & Sangeetha Palakkara

  2. Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vineet Kumar

  3. Bioassays and Biosensor Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sameer Shrivastava

  4. Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Anil Kumar Gangwar

  5. Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sonal Saxena

  6. Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Raguvaran Raja

  7. College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandary, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India

    Pawan Diwan Singh Raghuvanshi

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  1. Naveen Kumar
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  2. Vineet Kumar
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  3. Sameer Shrivastava
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  4. Anil Kumar Gangwar
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  5. Aswathy Gopinathan
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  6. Swapan Kumar Maiti
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  7. Sonal Saxena
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  8. Sangeetha Palakkara
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  9. Raguvaran Raja
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  10. Pawan Diwan Singh Raghuvanshi
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India

    Naveen Kumar

  2. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India

    Vineet Kumar

  3. ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India

    Sameer Shrivastava

  4. Acharya Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya, India

    Anil Kumar Gangwar

  5. Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India

    Sonal Saxena

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© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

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Kumar, N. et al. (2022). Naturally Derived Biomaterials: An Overview. In: Kumar, N., Kumar, V., Shrivastava, S., Gangwar, A.K., Saxena, S. (eds) Tissue Scaffolds. Springer Protocols Handbooks. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2425-8_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2425-8_1

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  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-2424-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-2425-8

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