Abstract
Trans-kingdom RNA interference (RNAi) has been reported in several plant-fungal pathosystems. Our recent works have demonstrated natural RNAi transmission from cotton plants into Verticillium dahliae, a soil-borne phytopathogenic fungus that infects host roots and proliferates in vascular tissues, and successful application of trans-kingdom RNAi in cotton plants to confer Verticillium wilt disease resistance. Here, we provide a detailed protocol of cotton infection with V. dahliae, fungal hyphae recovery from infected cotton stems, and transmitted small RNA detection developed from our previous studies for trans-kingdom RNAi assays.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Baulcombe D (2005) RNA silencing. Trends Biochem Sci 30:290–293
Sontheimer EJCR (2005) Silence from within: endogenous siRNAs and miRNAs. Cell 122:9–12
Axtell MJ (2013) Classification and comparison of small RNAs from plants. Annu. Rev Plant Biol 64:137–159
Dalmay T, Hamilton A, Rudd S et al (2000) An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene in Arabidopsisis required for post transcriptional gene silencing mediated by a transgene but not by a virus. Cell 101:543–553
Mourrain P, Beclin C, Elmayan T et al (2000) Arabidopsis SGS2 and SGS3 genes are required for posttranscriptional gene silencing and natural virus resistance. Cell 101:533–542
Papp I, Mette MF, Aufsatz W et al (2003) Evidence for nuclear processing of plant microRNA and short interfering RNA precursors. Plant Physiol 132:1382–1390
Carthew RW, Sontheimer EJ (2009) Origins and mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs. Cell 136:642–655
Lin H, Hannon GJ (2004) MicroRNAs: small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation. Nat Rev Genet 5:522–531
Bartel D (2004) MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell 116:281–297
Baulcombe D (2004) RNA silencing in plants. Nature 431:356–353
Dang Y, Yang Q, Xue Z et al (2011) RNA interference in fungi: pathways, functions, and applications. Eukaryot Cell 10:1148–1155
Li L, Chang SS, Liu Y (2010) RNA interference pathways in filamentous fungi. Cell Mol Life Sci 67:3849–3863
Yu Y, Zhang YC, Chen XM et al (2019) Plant noncoding RNAs: hidden players in development and stress responses. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 35:407–431
Guo Z, Li Y, Ding SW (2019) Small RNA-based antimicrobial immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 19(1):31–44
Duan C, Wang CH, Guo HS (2012) Application of RNA silencing to plant disease resistance. Silence 3:5
Chang SS, Zhang Z, Liu Y (2012) RNA interference pathways in fungi: mechanisms and functions. Annu Rev Microbiol 66:305–323
Martienssen R, Moazed D (2015) RNAi and heterochromatin assembly. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 7(8):a019323
Nunes CC, Gowda M, Sailsbery J et al (2011) Diverse and tissue-enriched small RNAs in the plant pathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. BMC Genomics 12:288
Jin Y, Zhao JH, Zhao P et al (2019) A fungal milRNA mediates epigenetic repression of a virulence gene in Verticillium dahliae. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 374(1767):20180309
Koch A, Kogel KH (2014) New wind in the sails: improving the agronomic value of crop plants through RNAi-mediated gene silencing. Plant Biotechnol J 12(7):821–831
Nunes CC, Dean RA (2012) Host-induced gene silencing: a tool for understanding fungal host interaction and for developing novel disease control strategies. Mol Plant Pathol 13(5):519–529
Hou Y, Ma W (2020) Natural host-induced gene silencing offers new opportunities to engineer disease resistance. Trends Microbiol 28(2):109–117
Hua C, Zhao JH, Guo HS (2018) Trans-kingdom RNA silencing in plant-fungal pathogen interactions. Mol Plant 11(2):235–244
Qiao Y, Liu L, Xiong Q et al (2013) Oomycete pathogens encode RNA silencing suppressors. Nat Genet 45:330–333
Weiberg A, Wang M, Lin FM et al (2013) Fungal small RNAs suppress plant immunity by hijacking host RNA interference pathways. Science 342:118–123
Baulcombe DC (2015) VIGS, HIGS and FIGS: small RNA silencing in the interactions of viruses or filamentous organisms with their plant hosts. Curr Opin Plant Biol 26:141–146
Wang M, Thomas N, Jin H (2017) Cross-kingdom RNA trafficking and environmental RNAi for powerful innovative pre- and post- harvest plant protection. Curr Opin Plant Biol 38:133–141
Cai Q, Qiao L, Wang M et al (2018) Plants send small RNAs in extracellular vesicles to fungal pathogen to silence virulence genes. Science 360(6393):1126–1129
Zhang T, Zhao YL, Zhao JH et al (2016b) Cotton plants export microRNAs to inhibit virulence gene expression in a fungal pathogen. Nat Plants 2(10):16153
Zhang T, Jin Y, Zhao JH et al (2016a) Host induced gene silencing of the target gene in fungal cells confers effective resistance to the cotton wilt disease pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Mol Plant 9(6):939–942
Gao F, Zhou BJ, Li GY et al (2010) A glutamic acid-rich protein identified in Verticillium dahliae from an insertional mutagenesis affects microsclerotial formation and pathogenicity. PLoS One 5(12):e15319
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31730078 to H.-S.G. and 31700131 to Y.J.).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Zhang, T., Wang, F., Guo, HS., Jin, Y. (2022). Trans-Kingdom RNA Silencing in Plant-Fungal Disease Control. In: Mysore, K.S., Senthil-Kumar, M. (eds) Plant Gene Silencing. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2408. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1875-2_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1875-2_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-1874-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-1875-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols