Abstract
The development of multicellular organisms requires coordinated cell divisions for the production of diverse cell types and body plan elaboration and growth. There are two main types of cell divisions: proliferative or symmetric divisions, which produce more cells of a given type, and formative or asymmetric divisions, which produce cells of different types. Because plant cells are surrounded by cell walls, the orientation of plant cell divisions is particularly important in cell fate specification and tissue or organ morphology. The cellular organization of the Arabidopsis thaliana root makes an excellent tool to study how oriented cell division contributes to tissue patterning during organ development. To understand how division plane orientation in a specific genotype or growth condition may impact organ or tissue development, a detailed characterization of cell division orientation is required. Here we describe a confocal microscopy-based, live imaging method for Arabidopsis root tips to examine the 3D orientations of cell division planes and quantify formative, proliferative, and atypical endodermal cell divisions.
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Acknowledgments
We thank members of the Van Norman lab, particularly Jason Goff, Cecilia Rodriguez Furlan, and Jessica Toth, for discussions of these methods and feedback on the protocol while it was in preparation. We appreciate access to the Institute of Integrative Genome Biology Microscopy Core Facility (UC, Riverside). This work was supported with funds awarded to JMVN, specifically by Initial Compliment (IC) funds from the University of California at Riverside, USDA-NIFA-CA-R-BPS-5156-H, and by an NSF CAREER award (#1751385).
Author Contributions: Conceptualization: R.C, J.M.V.N.; Methodology and Investigation: R.C.; Writing—Original Draft: R.C and J.M.V.N; Review and Editing: J.M.V.N. and R.C; Visualization: R.C; Supervision: J.M.V.N.; Funding Acquisition: J.M.V.N.
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Campos, R., Van Norman, J.M. (2022). Confocal Analysis of Arabidopsis Root Cell Divisions in 3D: A Focus on the Endodermis. In: Caillaud, MC. (eds) Plant Cell Division. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2382. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1744-1_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1744-1_11
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