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Oxidative Stress and Cellular Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disease

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Neurodegenerative Diseases Biomarkers

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 173))

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Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases are conditions characterized by irreversible loss of neurons and loss of cognitive and motor function, mostly occurring in elderly people. The increasing age has been the most consistent risk factor for developing a neurodegenerative disorder. Interlinking of oxidative stress and neurodegeneration is well established, indicating that the overproduction of reactive oxygen/nitrogen/sulfur species (ROS/RNS/RSS) correlates with progressive neurodegeneration. It is well defined that neurons are prone to oxidative damage due to the enrichment of neuronal membranes with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) along with highly dynamic and regiospecific oxygen consumption by brain cells and a weak antioxidant defense. Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the condition where imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants leads to the elevation in ROS/RNS/RSS levels in biological systems. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the dysfunction of redox signaling and its regulation leads to oxidative stress in the cellular environment. Thus, disruption as well as dysregulation of redox signaling is found to be linked with various neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The present chapter gives insight about how redox mediated OS can lead to neurodegenerative diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    Anju Singh

  2. Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi, India

    Ritushree Kukreti

  3. Nucleic Acids Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India

    Shrikant Kukreti

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  2. Ritushree Kukreti
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  1. Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

    Philip V. Peplow

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA

    Bridget Martinez

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, George Washington University, West Chester, PA, USA

    Thomas A. Gennarelli

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Singh, A., Kukreti, R., Kukreti, S. (2022). Oxidative Stress and Cellular Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disease . In: Peplow, P.V., Martinez, B., Gennarelli, T.A. (eds) Neurodegenerative Diseases Biomarkers. Neuromethods, vol 173. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1712-0_6

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