Abstract
This chapter describes a procedure for recording pattern-elicited visual evoked potentials from experimental animals, focused primarily on pigmented rats. When recorded over a range of visual pattern contrast values, the results can be used to derive estimates of visual contrast threshold, contrast sensitivity, and contrast gain. Visual contrast is defined as the difference between the bright and dark regions of a visual pattern, adjusted for the overall luminance. Contrast encoding is an important feature of the neurological processes underlying spatial vision and is dependent on integrated processing within defined neurological circuits. This chapter describes procedures to measure contrast-related parameters that have been developed over years of experience and trial and error approaches. They involve electrophysiological recordings from visual cortex while animals view modulating visual patterns. The resulting evoked potentials are signal averaged, subjected to spectral analysis and interpreted relative to the contrast of the eliciting visual patterns. The resulting parameters include measurements of response amplitude, contrast threshold, contrast sensitivity, and contrast gain. The data from experimental animals are highly analogous to those from human subjects and have shown similar responsivity to neurotoxicant exposures.
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Acknowledgments
The author thanks David Herr, Jordi Llorens, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. The author thanks Mary Gilbert for initiating the experiments depicted in Fig. 8. The author also thanks Garyn Jung for assistance and Chuck Gaul for photography in creating Fig. 4. The surgical and electrophysiological procedures were based on those originally developed by Robert S. Dyer with technical innovations by Mark Bercegeay.
This document has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
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Boyes, W.K. (2021). Use of Visual Evoked Potentials to Assess Deficits in Contrast Sensitivity in Rats Following Neurotoxicant Exposures. In: Llorens, J., Barenys, M. (eds) Experimental Neurotoxicology Methods. Neuromethods, vol 172. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1637-6_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1637-6_6
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