Skip to main content

Visualization of Single Cell RNA-Seq Data Using t-SNE in R

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Stem Cell Transcriptional Networks

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2117))

Abstract

Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful tool to analyze cellular heterogeneity, identify new cell types, and infer developmental trajectories, which has greatly facilitated studies on development, immunity, cancer, neuroscience, and so on. Visualizing of scRNA-Seq data is fundamental and essential because it is critical to biological interpretation. Although principal component analysis (PCA) is used for visualizing scRNA-seq at early studies, t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor embedding (t-SNE), an unsupervised nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique, is widely used nowadays due to its advantage in visualization of scRNA-seq data. Here, we detailed the process of visualization of single-cell RNA-seq data using t-SNE via Seurat, an R toolkit for single cell genomics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Tirosh I, Venteicher AS, Hebert C, Escalante LE, Patel AP, Yizhak K, Fisher JM, Rodman C, Mount C, Filbin MG, Neftel C, Desai N, Nyman J, Izar B, Luo CC, Francis JM, Patel AA, Onozato ML, Riggi N, Livak KJ, Gennert D, Satija R, Nahed BV, Curry WT, Martuza RL, Mylvaganam R, Iafrate AJ, Frosch MP, Golub TR, Rivera MN, Getz G, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Cahill DP, Monje M, Bernstein BE, Louis DN, Regev A, Suva ML (2016) Single-cell RNA-seq supports a developmental hierarchy in human oligodendroglioma. Nature 539(7628):309–313. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20123

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Yu Y, Tsang JC, Wang C, Clare S, Wang J, Chen X, Brandt C, Kane L, Campos LS, Lu L, Belz GT, McKenzie AN, Teichmann SA, Dougan G, Liu P (2016) Single-cell RNA-seq identifies a PD-1(hi) ILC progenitor and defines its development pathway. Nature 539(7627):102–106. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20105

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Sebe-Pedros A, Saudemont B, Chomsky E, Plessier F, Mailhe MP, Renno J, Loe-Mie Y, Lifshitz A, Mukamel Z, Schmutz S, Novault S, Steinmetz PRH, Spitz F, Tanay A, Marlow H (2018) Cnidarian cell type diversity and regulation revealed by whole-organism single-cell RNA-seq. Cell 173(6):1520–1534 e1520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.019

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Bendall SC, Simonds EF, Qiu P, Amir el AD, Krutzik PO, Finck R, Bruggner RV, Melamed R, Trejo A, Ornatsky OI, Balderas RS, Plevritis SK, Sachs K, Pe'er D, Tanner SD, Nolan GP (2011) Single-cell mass cytometry of differential immune and drug responses across a human hematopoietic continuum. Science 332(6030):687–696. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1198704

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Amirel AD, Davis KL, Tadmor MD, Simonds EF, Levine JH, Bendall SC, Shenfeld DK, Krishnaswamy S, Nolan GP, Pe'er D (2013) viSNE enables visualization of high dimensional single-cell data and reveals phenotypic heterogeneity of leukemia. Nat Biotechnol 31(6):545–552. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. van der Maaten L, Hinton G (2008) Visualizing data using t-SNE. J Mach Learn Res 9:2579–2605

    Google Scholar 

  7. Mahfouz A, van de Giessen M, van der Maaten L, Huisman S, Reinders M, Hawrylycz MJ, Lelieveldt BP (2015) Visualizing the spatial gene expression organization in the brain through non-linear similarity embeddings. Methods 73:79–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.10.004

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Linderman GC, Rachh M, Hoskins JG, Steinerberger S, Kluger Y (2019) Fast interpolation-based t-SNE for improved visualization of single-cell RNA-seq data. Nat Methods 16(3):243–245. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0308-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. van der Maaten L (2014) Accelerating t-SNE using tree-based algorithms. J Mach Learn Res 15:3221–3245

    Google Scholar 

  10. Butler A, Hoffman P, Smibert P, Papalexi E, Satija R (2018) Integrating single-cell transcriptomic data across different conditions, technologies, and species. Nat Biotechnol 36(5):411–420. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4096

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1004500), the National Science Foundation of China (81872330 and 31741077), and Basic Research Grant from Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipal Government (JCYJ20170817111841427).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wenfei Jin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Zhou, B., Jin, W. (2020). Visualization of Single Cell RNA-Seq Data Using t-SNE in R. In: Kidder, B. (eds) Stem Cell Transcriptional Networks. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2117. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0301-7_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0301-7_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0300-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0301-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics