Abstract
Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful tool to analyze cellular heterogeneity, identify new cell types, and infer developmental trajectories, which has greatly facilitated studies on development, immunity, cancer, neuroscience, and so on. Visualizing of scRNA-Seq data is fundamental and essential because it is critical to biological interpretation. Although principal component analysis (PCA) is used for visualizing scRNA-seq at early studies, t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor embedding (t-SNE), an unsupervised nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique, is widely used nowadays due to its advantage in visualization of scRNA-seq data. Here, we detailed the process of visualization of single-cell RNA-seq data using t-SNE via Seurat, an R toolkit for single cell genomics.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Tirosh I, Venteicher AS, Hebert C, Escalante LE, Patel AP, Yizhak K, Fisher JM, Rodman C, Mount C, Filbin MG, Neftel C, Desai N, Nyman J, Izar B, Luo CC, Francis JM, Patel AA, Onozato ML, Riggi N, Livak KJ, Gennert D, Satija R, Nahed BV, Curry WT, Martuza RL, Mylvaganam R, Iafrate AJ, Frosch MP, Golub TR, Rivera MN, Getz G, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Cahill DP, Monje M, Bernstein BE, Louis DN, Regev A, Suva ML (2016) Single-cell RNA-seq supports a developmental hierarchy in human oligodendroglioma. Nature 539(7628):309–313. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20123
Yu Y, Tsang JC, Wang C, Clare S, Wang J, Chen X, Brandt C, Kane L, Campos LS, Lu L, Belz GT, McKenzie AN, Teichmann SA, Dougan G, Liu P (2016) Single-cell RNA-seq identifies a PD-1(hi) ILC progenitor and defines its development pathway. Nature 539(7627):102–106. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20105
Sebe-Pedros A, Saudemont B, Chomsky E, Plessier F, Mailhe MP, Renno J, Loe-Mie Y, Lifshitz A, Mukamel Z, Schmutz S, Novault S, Steinmetz PRH, Spitz F, Tanay A, Marlow H (2018) Cnidarian cell type diversity and regulation revealed by whole-organism single-cell RNA-seq. Cell 173(6):1520–1534 e1520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.019
Bendall SC, Simonds EF, Qiu P, Amir el AD, Krutzik PO, Finck R, Bruggner RV, Melamed R, Trejo A, Ornatsky OI, Balderas RS, Plevritis SK, Sachs K, Pe'er D, Tanner SD, Nolan GP (2011) Single-cell mass cytometry of differential immune and drug responses across a human hematopoietic continuum. Science 332(6030):687–696. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1198704
Amirel AD, Davis KL, Tadmor MD, Simonds EF, Levine JH, Bendall SC, Shenfeld DK, Krishnaswamy S, Nolan GP, Pe'er D (2013) viSNE enables visualization of high dimensional single-cell data and reveals phenotypic heterogeneity of leukemia. Nat Biotechnol 31(6):545–552. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2594
van der Maaten L, Hinton G (2008) Visualizing data using t-SNE. J Mach Learn Res 9:2579–2605
Mahfouz A, van de Giessen M, van der Maaten L, Huisman S, Reinders M, Hawrylycz MJ, Lelieveldt BP (2015) Visualizing the spatial gene expression organization in the brain through non-linear similarity embeddings. Methods 73:79–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.10.004
Linderman GC, Rachh M, Hoskins JG, Steinerberger S, Kluger Y (2019) Fast interpolation-based t-SNE for improved visualization of single-cell RNA-seq data. Nat Methods 16(3):243–245. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0308-4
van der Maaten L (2014) Accelerating t-SNE using tree-based algorithms. J Mach Learn Res 15:3221–3245
Butler A, Hoffman P, Smibert P, Papalexi E, Satija R (2018) Integrating single-cell transcriptomic data across different conditions, technologies, and species. Nat Biotechnol 36(5):411–420. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4096
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1004500), the National Science Foundation of China (81872330 and 31741077), and Basic Research Grant from Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipal Government (JCYJ20170817111841427).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Zhou, B., Jin, W. (2020). Visualization of Single Cell RNA-Seq Data Using t-SNE in R. In: Kidder, B. (eds) Stem Cell Transcriptional Networks. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2117. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0301-7_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0301-7_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0300-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0301-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols