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Handbook of Cardiovascular Behavioral Medicine pp 379–409Cite as

Physical Activity/Exercise and Cardiovascular Disease

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Abstract

Epidemiological studies indicate a consistent association of physical activity (PA) with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including reductions in coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, and heart failure. PA is especially relevant for patients with diagnosed CVD because moderate PA helps reverse illness-related declines in physical endurance, increase capacity for activities of daily living, and enhance regulation of physiological systems. Studies of exercise training among patients with CVD indicate health benefits such as reduced blood pressure, enhanced quality of life, and reduced cardiac and all-cause mortality. Exercise may reduce risk of initial and recurrent cardiac events by enhanced vasodilatation, improved endothelial function, as well as reductions in inflammatory markers. It is also possible that noncardiac factors, such as mood disorders, social support, and BMI, moderate or mediate the relationship between PA and cardiovascular risk. The preponderance of evidence suggests that PA need not be high-intensity exercise to produce health benefits but that maintenance of PA is critical because exercise-associated gains in cardiovascular health (e.g., enhanced endothelial function) are not maintained without continued PA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Psychology and Internal Medicine, and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Charles F. Emery

  2. Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Erin A. K. Truong

  3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA

    Kendea N. Oliver

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  1. Charles F. Emery
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  2. Erin A. K. Truong
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  3. Kendea N. Oliver
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Correspondence to Charles F. Emery .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Shari R. Waldstein

  2. Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands

    Willem J. Kop

  3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    Edward C. Suarez

  4. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA

    William R. Lovallo

  5. Division of Gerontology Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Leslie I. Katzel

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Emery, C.F., Truong, E.A.K., Oliver, K.N. (2022). Physical Activity/Exercise and Cardiovascular Disease. In: Waldstein, S.R., Kop, W.J., Suarez, E.C., Lovallo, W.R., Katzel, L.I. (eds) Handbook of Cardiovascular Behavioral Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85960-6_16

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