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Antigenic Analyses of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Viruses

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Influenza Pathogenesis and Control - Volume I

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 385))

Abstract

In response to the ongoing threat to animal and human health posed by HPAI endemic in poultry, Asia (H5N1) and North America (H7N3) have revived efforts to reduce pandemic risk by disease control at the source and improved pandemic vaccines. Discovery of conserved neutralization epitopes in the HA, which mediate broad protection within and across HA subtypes have changed the paradigm of “broadly reactive” or “universal” vaccine design. Development of such vaccines would benefit from comparative antigenic analysis of viruses with increasing divergence within (and between) HA subtypes. A review of recent work to define the antigenic properties of HPAI viruses revealed data generated through an array of experimental approaches. This information has supported diagnostics and vaccine development for animal and human health. Further harmonization of analytical methods is needed to determine the antigenic relationships among multiple lineages of rapidly evolving HPAI viruses.

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Abbreviations

Aa:

Amino acid

CVV:

Candidate vaccine virus

ELISA:

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

FAO:

Food and agriculture organization

HA:

Hemagglutinin

NA:

Neuraminidase

HI:

Hemagglutination inhibition

HPAI:

High pathogenicity avian influenza

LPAI:

Low pathogenicity avian influenza

Nt:

Nucleotide

OIE:

World organisation for animal health

RBC:

Red blood cell

RBS:

Receptor binding site

WHO:

World health organization

gs/Gd/96 A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996-mAb:

Monoclonal antibody

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Acknowledgments

The author thanks Drs. Giovanni Cattoli and Catherine Bigger, for critical reading of the manuscript, and colleagues in the Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for valuable information and insight. The contributions of the WHO GISRS member laboratories, including National Influenza Centers, H5N1 Reference Laboratories, and Essential Regulatory Laboratories are greatly appreciated. We also thank the OIE/FAO Network of Expertise on Avian Influenza (OFFLU) for contributing viruses, reagents, and surveillance data.

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  1. Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE Mailstop A20, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA

    Ruben O. Donis

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  1. Ruben O. Donis
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Correspondence to Ruben O. Donis .

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  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Richard W. Compans

  2. Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA

    Michael B. A. Oldstone

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Donis, R.O. (2014). Antigenic Analyses of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Viruses. In: Compans, R., Oldstone, M. (eds) Influenza Pathogenesis and Control - Volume I. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 385. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2014_422

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