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Influenza Pathobiology and Pathogenesis in Avian Species

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Influenza Pathogenesis and Control - Volume I

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 385))

Abstract

Wild birds in the orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes are the natural and asymptomatic reservoirs of influenza A viruses representing all of the avian hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes. Transmission of avian influenza (AI) viruses from wild birds to gallinaceous poultry species occurs regularly and outcomes vary, ranging from asymptomatic infections to mortality. Circulation of H5 and H7 low pathogenic AI (LPAI) viruses in gallinaceous poultry may result in mutations in the HA protein cleavage site and the emergence of highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) viruses, which in poultry can cause severe disease with high economic losses. Since 2002, various wild bird species also have succumbed to infection with the Eurasian H5N1 HPAI viruses. The pathogenesis of AI is complex and the ability of these viruses to produce disease and death in avian species is dependent on various host, viral and environmental factors, which are not completely understood.

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Abbreviations

AI:

Avian influenza

HA:

Hemagglutinin

HPAI:

Highly pathogenic avian influenza

LPAI:

Low pathogenic avian influenza

NA:

Neuraminidase

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. H.L. Shivaprasad for providing Fig. 1 and Dr. Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood for providing Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10. The authors also thank Dr. H.L. Shivaprasad and Dr. David E. Stallknecht for reviewing this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, The University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Monique S. FranÒ«a

  2. Pennsylvania Game Commission, Orchard Road, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Justin D. Brown

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  1. Monique S. FranÒ«a
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  2. Justin D. Brown
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Correspondence to Monique S. FranÒ«a .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Richard W. Compans

  2. Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA

    Michael B. A. Oldstone

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FranÒ«a, M.S., Brown, J.D. (2014). Influenza Pathobiology and Pathogenesis in Avian Species. In: Compans, R., Oldstone, M. (eds) Influenza Pathogenesis and Control - Volume I. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 385. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2014_385

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