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Neuroimmune Biomarkers in Mental Illness

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Biomarkers in Psychiatry

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 40))

Abstract

Exploration of neuroimmune mechanisms is vital to the understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of mental disorders. Inflammatory and immune mechanisms are increasingly understood to underpin a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, with an ever-expanding evidence base drawn from basic science to large-scale epidemiological data. Unravelling of these mechanisms should lead to biomarker discovery and potential new avenues for therapeutics that modulate immunological mechanisms. Identification of neuroimmune biomarkers is vital to improving diagnosis, stratification and treatment of mental disorders. There is an urgent clinical need for new therapeutic approaches with poor treatment response and treatment resistance a major problem for many psychiatric disorders including depression and schizophrenia. Neurodegenerative psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer’s also have clear neuroimmune underpinnings and manifest an urgent clinical need for improvements in diagnosis and research towards transformative disease-modifying treatments. This chapter provides some background on the role of the neuroimmune system in mental illness, exploring the role for biomarkers, in addition to reviewing the current state of knowledge in this exciting field. We also reflect on the inherent challenges and methodological pitfalls faced by research in this field, including the complexity of conceptualising multidimensional mental disorders and the dynamic shifting sands of the immune system.

James W. Herron is the first author of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

    James W. Herron

  2. Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

    Louis Nerurkar

  3. Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

    Jonathan Cavanagh

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  3. Jonathan Cavanagh
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  1. Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK

    Judith Pratt

  2. College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

    Jeremy Hall

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Herron, J.W., Nerurkar, L., Cavanagh, J. (2018). Neuroimmune Biomarkers in Mental Illness. In: Pratt, J., Hall, J. (eds) Biomarkers in Psychiatry. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 40. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2018_45

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