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Remediation of Soils Polluted by Military Activities

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The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

Abstract

This chapter presents an overview of military activities that can cause harm to soil systems through pollution by chemicals such as energetic materials, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and pathways for its remediation. Case studies are presented to demonstrate real-life scenarios where military activities have created environmental and soil impacts. It also includes an outline of chemical, biological, and physical remediation approaches for these polluted soils. These approaches include chemical leaching, stabilisation photolysis, electrokinetic remediation, and bioremediation, among others. The chapter also describes the significance of integrating bioavailability science into remediation processes as it helps to avoid the overestimation of the risks associated with the presence of a contaminant. The final section of the chapter describes the importance of risk assessment and how early implementation can minimise impacts to the environment, implement cost-savings, and incorporate proactive strategies to avoid reactive situations when dealing with contamination.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-109700RB-C21 and PID2022-139732OB-C21) for supporting this work. C.F.L. was also supported by the Séneca Foundation-Science and Technology Agency of the Region of Murcia under the Regional Program of Mobility, Collaboration and Knowledge Exchange “Jiménez de la Espada” (21727/EE/22).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Murcia, Spain

    Carmen Fernández-López

  2. Centre for Defence Chemistry, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, UK

    Tracey Temple & Federica Persico

  3. School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK

    Frederic Coulon

  4. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Spain

    Jose Julio Ortega-Calvo

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  1. Carmen Fernández-López
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Correspondence to Carmen Fernández-López .

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Fernández-López, C., Temple, T., Persico, F., Coulon, F., Ortega-Calvo, J.J. (2024). Remediation of Soils Polluted by Military Activities. In: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2023_1067

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