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Sensors for Monitoring Faecal Indicator Bacteria in Bathing Waters

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Biosensors for the Marine Environment

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 122))

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Abstract

Bathing waters have a major significance in today’s world and provide economic, cultural, social, and health benefits. Bathing areas are hubs for recreation, education, socio-cultural and wellbeing activities and are invaluable assets that need to be protected. Active management of microbiological water quality at such sites is thus critical.

Standard methods for faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) require a minimum of 18 h to produce results. This hampers the decision process and doesn’t allow for same-day action to be taken to protect users. To address this limitation alternative rapid methods, sensors, and forecasting models have been developed over the last years for the management of recreational waters. Although a wide range of technologies exist, this chapter aims to discuss only technologies that have been implemented and have demonstrated potential as decision support tools. Sensors and instrumentation relying on marker enzymes for FIB detection have shown largest potential for implementation. Enzyme-based systems including semi-automated, fully automated, and field portable devices were developed to target two key requirements for achieving active management of bathing areas: shorter time-to-result and automation. In this chapter, the performance of such systems is documented and discussed in detail with an emphasis on commercially available solutions. Advantages and limitations are discussed in terms of analytical performance, underlying operational principle, interferences, time-to-results, cost, power and communication capabilities, and sensor deployment requirements.

Parts of the chapter have been reproduced from Briciu Burghina (2016) Development and deployment of a faecal matter sensor for marine and freshwater environments. Dublin City University. https://doras.dcu.ie/21032/

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. DCU Water Institute, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland

    Ciprian Briciu-Burghina & Fiona Regan

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  1. Ciprian Briciu-Burghina
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  2. Fiona Regan
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  1. School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland

    Fiona Regan

  2. International Consulting Ecotoxicology, Technische Universitðt Berlin, REM, Berlin, Germany

    Peter-Diedrich Hansen

  3. Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Girona, Spain

    Damià Barceló

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Briciu-Burghina, C., Regan, F. (2023). Sensors for Monitoring Faecal Indicator Bacteria in Bathing Waters. In: Regan, F., Hansen, PD., Barceló, D. (eds) Biosensors for the Marine Environment. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 122. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2022_946

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