Abstract
Endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids modulate many physiological and pathological processes by binding classical cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1) or 2 (CB2) or non-cannabinoid receptors. Cannabinoids are known to exert antiproliferative, apoptotic, anti-migratory and anti-invasive effect on cancer cells by inducing or inhibiting various signaling cascades. In this chapter, we specifically emphasize the latest research works about the alterations in endocannabinoid system (ECS) components in malignancies and cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, autophagy, and death by cannabinoid administration, emphasizing their mechanism of action, and give a future perspective for clinical use.
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Abbreviations
- 2-AG:
-
2-Arachidonoyl glycerol
- AA-5HT:
-
Arachidonoyl serotonin
- ABDH6/12:
-
Alpha/beta-hydrolase domain containing 6/12
- ACEA:
-
Arachidonyl-2′chloroethylamide
- ACF:
-
Aberrant crypt foci
- ACPA:
-
Arachidonoyl cyclopropilamide
- AEA:
-
Anandamide
- AKT:
-
Protein kinase B
- AMPK:
-
5’ AMP-activated protein kinase
- ANG-2:
-
Angiotensin II
- ASD :
-
Autism spectrum disorder
- ATF-4 :
-
Activating transcription factor-4
- BAX :
-
Bcl-2-associated X protein
- BCL-2 :
-
B-cell lymphoma 2
- BDS:
-
Botanical cannabinoid extraction
- CAMKKβ :
-
Calcium ions/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase kinase β
- CAMP :
-
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- CB :
-
Cannabinoid
- CB1 :
-
Cannabinoid receptor 1
- CB2 :
-
Cannabinoid receptor 2
- CBC:
-
Cannabichromene
- CBD:
-
Cannabidiol
- CBDA:
-
Cannabidiolic acid
- CBDV:
-
Cannabidivarin
- CBE:
-
Cannabielsoin
- CBG :
-
Cannabigerol
- CBL:
-
Cannabicyclol
- CBN :
-
Cannabinol
- CBND:
-
Cannabinodiol
- CBT:
-
Cannabitriol
- CHOP :
-
C/EBP homologous protein
- COX:
-
Cyclooxygenase
- CXCR4:
-
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4
- CYC D1:
-
Cyclin D1
- CYP-450:
-
Cytochrome P450
- DAGL:
-
Diacylglycerol lipase
- DC:
-
Dendritic cell
- DS :
-
Dravet syndrome
- ECS:
-
Endocannabinoid system
- EGF :
-
Epithelial growth factor
- EGFR:
-
Epidermal growth factor receptor
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- ERK1/2:
-
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2
- FAAH:
-
Fatty acid amid hydrolase
- FAK:
-
Focal adhesion kinase
- FDA:
-
Food and Drug Administration
- GEM:
-
Gemcitabin
- GPR:
-
G-protein coupled receptor
- GRP78 :
-
Chaperone protein glucose-regulated protein 78
- GVHD :
-
Graft versus host disease
- HUVEC:
-
Human umbilical vein endothelial cell
- ICAM-1 :
-
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- IGF-IR:
-
Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor
- IL6/10:
-
Interleukin 6/10
- iNOS:
-
Inducible nitric oxide synthase
- JNK :
-
c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- MAGL:
-
Monoacylglycerol lipase
- MAPK:
-
Mitogen-activating protein kinase
- MDSC:
-
Myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- MMP-2/9 :
-
Matrix metalloproteinase 2/9
- MS :
-
Multiple sclerosis
- MTORC-1/2 :
-
Mammalian target of rapamycin C-1/2
- NAAA:
-
N-Acylethanolamide-hydrolysing acid amidase
- NAPE:
-
N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine
- NAPE-PLD:
-
N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D
- NAT:
-
N-Acyltransferase
- NFκB:
-
Nuclear factor kappa B
- NOXA :
-
Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1
- NSCLC:
-
Non–small cell lung cancer
- OEA:
-
Oleoylethanolamide
- P21 :
-
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1
- P27 :
-
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B
- PAI-1:
-
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
- PAK1:
-
P21-activated kinase 1
- PEA:
-
Palmitoylethanolamide
- PI3K:
-
Phosphoinositide 3 kinase
- PKA :
-
Protein kinase A
- PLC:
-
Phospholipase C
- PPARα :
-
Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α
- PPARγ:
-
Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ
- ROS :
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SMAC :
-
Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase
- STAT3:
-
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TIMP :
-
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase
- TNF-α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- TRIB3 :
-
Tribbles pseudokinase 3
- TRPV :
-
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member
- UPA :
-
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator
- VCAM1 :
-
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
- VEGF :
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
- XIAP :
-
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis
- βIII Tub:
-
βIII Tubulin
- Δ9-THC:
-
Delta-9-tetrahydracannabinol
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Boyacıoğlu, Ö., Korkusuz, P. (2022). Cannabinoids as Prospective Anti-Cancer Drugs: Mechanism of Action in Healthy and Cancer Cells. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 19. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1410. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2022_748
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