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Cardiovascular Risk Factors Drive Impaired Fasting Glucose to Type 2 Diabetes: Findings After a 9-Year Follow-Up in the PURE Study in Poland

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Integrative Clinical Research

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((CLEXBI,volume 1375))

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the role of risk factors included in the Framingham Risk Score for hard coronary heart disease (CHD) in the development of type 2 diabetes (DM) in patients with impaired fasting glycemia (IFG) after a 9-year follow-up. The research was part of the Polish insight into the international Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. The cohort consisted of 283 subjects aged 54.3 ± 8.9 years who were diagnosed with IFG at baseline and then completed after a 9-year follow-up. The main risk factors for both CHD and DM evaluated were smoking, arterial hypertension, abnormal lipid profile, and family medical history. Most participants had both untreated or poorly controlled hypertension and dyslipidemia. Those who developed full-fledged DM over time were older and had significantly higher levels of fasting plasma glucose, lipid parameters, and mean blood pressure records. In conclusion, we confirmed that early diagnosis of dyslipidemia and hypertension, along with the treatment optimization of these conditions, could prevent or reduce the risk of DM and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The study highlighted a large-scale problem of the modifiable risk factors that could jeopardize the health status in patients with IFG in the long range and pointed to targeted preventive measures.

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Acknowledgments

The PURE study and its components were funded by the Population Health Research Institute, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, and through unrestricted grants from several pharmaceutical companies. The Polish ramification of the PURE study was co-funded by the Polish Ministry and Science and Higher Education (grant no. 290/W-PURE/2008/0) and Wroclaw Medical University (grant no. SUB.C300.21.009).

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest concerning this chapter.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants followed the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of Wroclaw Medical University (permit no. KB-443/2006).

Informed Consent

Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Population Health, Division of Population Studies and Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland

    Agnieszka Święcicka-Klama, Katarzyna Połtyn-Zaradna, Maria Wołyniec & Katarzyna Zatońska

  2. Department of Angiology, Hypertension, and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland

    Agnieszka Święcicka-Klama & Andrzej Szuba

Authors
  1. Agnieszka Święcicka-Klama
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  2. Katarzyna Połtyn-Zaradna
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  3. Maria Wołyniec
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  4. Andrzej Szuba
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  5. Katarzyna Zatońska
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Agnieszka Święcicka-Klama .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Health Sciences, Opole University, Opole, Poland

    Mieczyslaw Pokorski

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Święcicka-Klama, A., Połtyn-Zaradna, K., Wołyniec, M., Szuba, A., Zatońska, K. (2022). Cardiovascular Risk Factors Drive Impaired Fasting Glucose to Type 2 Diabetes: Findings After a 9-Year Follow-Up in the PURE Study in Poland. In: Pokorski, M. (eds) Integrative Clinical Research. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1375. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2021_701

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