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Glucose Lowering Treatment Modalities of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Diabetes: from Research to Clinical Practice

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AIM,volume 1307))

Abstract

This chapter gives an overview of present knowledge and clinical aspects of antidiabetic drugs according to the recently available research evidence and clinical expertise.

Many agents are acting on eight groups of pathophysiological mechanisms, which is commonly called as “Ominous Octet” by DeFronzo. The muscle, liver and β-cell, the fat cell, gastrointestinal tract, α-cell, kidney, and brain play essential roles in the development of glucose intolerance in type 2 diabetic individuals (Defronzo, Diabetes 58:773–795, 2009).

A treatment paradigm shift is seen in the initiation of anti-hyperglycemic agents from old friends (meglitinides or sulphonylürea) to newer agents effecting on GLP-1 RA or SGLT-2 inhibitors. It is mostly about the other protective positive effects of these agents for kidney, heart, etc. Although there are concerns for the long term safety profiles; they are used widely around the World. The delivery of patient-centered care, facilitating medication adherence, the importance of weight loss in obese patients, the importance of co-morbid conditions are the mainstays of selecting the optimal agent.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

    Asena Gökçay Canpolat & Mustafa Şahin

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  1. Asena Gökçay Canpolat
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  2. Mustafa Şahin
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Correspondence to Mustafa Şahin .

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  1. Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Emergency Care and Internal Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

    Md. Shahidul Islam

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Gökçay Canpolat, A., Şahin, M. (2020). Glucose Lowering Treatment Modalities of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In: Islam, M.S. (eds) Diabetes: from Research to Clinical Practice. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1307. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2020_516

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2020_516

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