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The Design and Application of an Appropriate Parkinson’s Disease Animal Model in Regenerative Medicine

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Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 13

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((CBTMED,volume 1341))

Abstract

Objectives: Aging as an inevitable and complex physiological process occurs through a progressive decrease in the potential of tissue regeneration. Given the increasing global outbreak of aging and age-related disorders, it is important to control this phenomenon. Parkinson’s disease (one of the age-related neurodegenerative and progressive disorders) resulted from predominant dopaminergic neurons deficiency. Usual Parkinson’s disease treatments just can lead to symptomatically relieving. Recently, cell therapy and regenerative medicine a great promise in the treatment of several types of disorders including Parkinson’s disease. Herein, before starting clinical trials, preclinical studies should be performed to answer some fundamental questions about the safety and efficacy of various treatments. Additionally, developing a well-designed and approved study is required to provide an appropriate animal model with strongly reliable validation methods. Hereupon, this review will discuss about the design and application of an appropriate Parkinson’s disease animal model in regenerative medicine.

Evidence acquisition: In order to conduct the present review, numbers of Parkinson’s disease preclinical studies, as well as literatures related to the animal modeling, were considered.

Results: Appropriate animal models which approved by related authorize committees should have a high similarity to humans from anatomical, physiological, behavioral, and genetic characteristics view of point.

Conclusion: It is concluded that animal studies before starting clinical trials have an important role in answering the crucial questions about the various treatments safety and efficacy. Therein, it is recommended that all of animal modeling stages be assessed by animal ethics and welfare guidelines and also evaluated by different validation tests. However, it is better to find some alternatives to replacement, refinement, and, reduction of animals. Nowadays, some novel technologies such as using imaging methods have been introduced.

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Abbreviations

6-OHDA:

6-Hydroxydopamine

APDM:

Mobility Lab System

BBB:

Blood-Brain Barrier

CSF:

Cerebrospinal Fluid

DA:

Dopaminergic

DBS:

Deep Brain Stimulation

dMRI:

diffusion-weighted MRI

ICLAS:

International Council on Laboratory Animal Science

L-DOPA:

3, 4-Dihydroxy-L-Phenylalanine

ML:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

MPTP:

1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1, 2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine

OIE:

World Organization for Animal Health

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PET:

Positron Emission Tomography

PQ:

Paraquat

RM:

Regenerative Medicine

SAM:

StepWatch3

SN:

Substantia Nigra

TBM:

Tensor-Based Morphometry

VBM:

Voxel-Based Morphometry

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Acknowledgement

The authors would like to acknowledge Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam, Dr. Mohsen Khorshidi and Shokouh Salimi for their kind support.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Bagher Larijani

  2. Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Parisa Goodarzi & Firoozeh Ghaderi

  3. Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Moloud Payab

  4. Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Akram Tayanloo-Beik

  5. Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Masoumeh Sarvari

  6. Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mahdi Gholami

  7. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

    Kambiz Gilany

  8. Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran

    Kambiz Gilany

  9. Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani

  10. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mehrnoosh Yarahmadi

  11. Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Babak Arjmand

  12. Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Babak Arjmand

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  1. Bagher Larijani
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    Kursad Turksen

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Larijani, B. et al. (2019). The Design and Application of an Appropriate Parkinson’s Disease Animal Model in Regenerative Medicine. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 13. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1341. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2019_422

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