Abstract
Effective diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines were used for massive immunization in the 1950s. The broad use of these vaccines significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with pertussis. Because of reports on the induction of adverse reactions, less-reactogenic acellular vaccines (aP) were later developed and in many countries, especially the industrialized ones, the use of wP was changed to aP. For many years, the situation of pertussis seemed to be controlled with the use of these vaccines, however in the last decades the number of pertussis cases increased in several countries. The loss of the immunity conferred by the vaccines, which is faster in the individuals vaccinated with the acellular vaccines, and the evolution of the pathogen towards geno/phenotypes that escape more easily the immunity conferred by the vaccines were proposed as the main causes of the disease resurgence. According to their composition of few immunogens, the aP vaccines seem to be exerting a greater selection pressure on the circulating bacterial population causing the prevalence of bacterial isolates defective in the expression of vaccine antigens. Under this context, it is clear that new vaccines against pertussis should be developed. Several vaccine candidates are in preclinical development and few others have recently completed phaseI/phaseII trials. Vaccine candidate based on OMVs is a promising candidate since appeared overcoming the major weaknesses of current aP-vaccines. The most advanced development is the live attenuated-vaccine BPZE1 which has successfully completed a first-in-man clinical trial.
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The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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This study was funded by a grant from the ANCPyT (PICT 2014-3617, PICT 2012- 2719), CONICET and FCE-UNLP (Argentina) grants to DFH. DFH is member of the Scientific Career of CONICET. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Hozbor, D. (2019). New Pertussis Vaccines: A Need and a Challenge. In: Fedele, G., Ausiello, C. (eds) Pertussis Infection and Vaccines. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1183. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2019_407
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