Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain an unresolved and unpreventable problem in obstetrics. They remain one of the leading member of deadly triad causing maternal mortality, the other two being hemorrhage and sepsis which are preventable. The incidence of hypertensive disorders worldwide is 12 %. We have discussed various terminologies used to describe hypertension during pregnancy, risk factors, etiopathogenesis, pathophysiology, management guidelines, complications and long term consequences of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in this chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice (2002) Diagnosis and management of preeclampsia and eclampsia. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 33. American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. ObstetGynecol 99:159–167
American College of Obstetrician and Gynecologists (2002) Obstetric analgesia and anaesthesia. Practice bulletin No. 36, July 2002, Reaffirmed 2013d.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2002) Diagnosis and management of preeclampsia- eclampsia. Practice Bulletin No. 33. January 2002, Reaffirmed 2012b.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy (2013) Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the ACOG Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynaecology 122:1122
Askie LM, Henderson-Smart DJ, Stewart LA (2007) Antiplatelet agents for the prevention of preeclampsia: a meta-analysis of individual data. Lancet 369:179
Aukes AM, Wessel I, Dubois AM et al (2007) Self reported cognitive functioning in formerly eclamptic women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 197(4):365.e1
Aukes AM, de Groot JC, Aarnoudse JG et al (2009) Brain lesions several years after eclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 200(5):504.e1
Aukes AM, de Groot JC, Weigman MJ et al (2012) Long- term cerebral imaging after preeclampsia. BJOG 119(9):1117
Bramham K, Briley AL, Seed P et al (2011) Adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in women with previous preeclampsia: a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 204(6):512.e1
Breastfeeding (2011) Hypertension in pregnancy: the management of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Nice clinical guidelines, No 107. RCOG
Buurma AJ, Turner RJ, Driessen JH et al (2013) Genetic variants in preeclampsia: a meta analysis. Hum Reprod Update 19(3):289
Committee Opinion No. 638 (2015) First-trimester risk assessment for early-onset preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 126(3):e25-7
Conde-Augudelo A, Romero R, Roberts JM (2014) Tests to predict preeclampsia. In: Taylor RN, Roberts JM, Cunningham FG (eds) Chesley’s hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, 4th edn. Academic Press, Amsterdem
Connealy B, Carrreno C, Kase B et al (2013) A history of prior preeclampsia is a major risk factor for preterm birth. Abstract No. 619. Am J Obstet Gynecol 208(1 Suppl):S264
Gastric MD, Gandhi SK, Pantazopoulos J et al (2012) Cardiovascular outcomes after preeclampsia or eclampsia complicated by myocardial infarction or stroke. Obstet Gynecol 120(4):823
Magpie Trial Collaboration Group (2002) Do women with preeclampsia, and their babies, benefit from magnesium sulphate? The Magpie Trial: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 359:1877
McMohan K, Karumanchi SA, Dammann O et al (2014) Does soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 regulate placental invasion? Insight from the invasive placenta. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 10:66.e1
Myatt L, Clifton RG, Roberts JM et al (2012a) First trimester prediction of preeclampsia in nulliparous women at low risk. Obstet Gynecol 119:6
Myatt L, Clifton RG, Roberts JM et al (2012b) The utility of uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in prediction of preeclampsia in a low risk population. Obstet Gynecol 120(4):815
National High Blood Pressure Education Program (2000) Working group report on high blood pressure in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 183:51
Nelson DB, Ziadie MS, McIntire DD et al (2014) Placental pathology suggesting that preeclampsia is more than one disease. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 210:66.e1
Roberts CL, Ford JB, Algert CS et al (2011) Population based trends in pregnancy hypertension and preeclampsia: an international comparative study. BMJ Open 1(1):e000101
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (2006) The management of severe preeclampsia. RCOG Guideline 10A:1
Sheehan HL, Lynch JB (eds) (1973) Cerebral lesions. In: Patholgyof toxemia of pregnancy. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore
Sibai BM (2005) Diagnosis, prevention, and management of eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 105:402
Sibai BM (2012) Etiology and management of postpartum hypertension-preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 206(6):470
Sibai BM, Stella CL (2009) Diagnosis and management of atypical preeclampsia-eclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 200:481.e1
Spaan JJ, Sep SJS, Lope van Balen V et al (2012) Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for hypertension after preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 120(2 Pt 1):311
Staff AC, Sibai BM, Cunningham FG (2014) Prevention of preeclampsia and eclampsia. In: Taylor RN, Roberts JM, Cunningham FG (eds) Chesley’s hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Acedemic Press, Amsterdam
Stains-Urias E, Paez MC, Doyle P et al (2012) Genetic association studies in preeclampsia; systemic meta-analyses and field synopsis. Int J Epidemiol 41(6):1764
Thorton C, Dahlen H, Korda A et al (2013) The incidence of preeclampsia and eclampsia and associated maternal mortality in Australia from population-linked datasets: 2000–2008. Am J Obstet Gynecol 208(6):476.e1
Vikse BE, Irgens LM, Leivestad T et al (2008) Preeclampsia and the risk of end-stage renal disease. N Engl J Med 359:800
Walker JJ (2000) Pre-eclampsia. Lancet 356:1260–5
Ward K, Taylor RN (2014) Genatic factors in etiology of preeclampsia. In: Taylor RN, Roberts JM, Cunningham FG (eds) Chesley’s hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, 4th edn. Acedemic Press, Amsterdam
Weinstein L (1985) Preeclampsia- eclampsia with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and thrombocytopenia. Obstet Gynecol 66:657
Wikstrom AK, Haglund B, Olovsson M et al (2005) The risk of maternal ischemic heart disease after gestational hypertensive disease. BJOG 112:1486
Zwart JJ, Richters A, Ory F et al (2008) Eclampsia in The Netherlands. Obstet Gynecol 112:820
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Malik, R., Kumar, V. (2016). Hypertension in Pregnancy. In: Islam, M.S. (eds) Hypertension: from basic research to clinical practice. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 956. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2016_150
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2016_150
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-44250-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-44251-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)