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Interactions Between Metal Ions and DNA

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The Periodic Table II

Part of the book series: Structure and Bonding ((STRUCTURE,volume 182))

Abstract

84 years elapsed between the announcements of the periodic table and that of the DNA double helix in 1953, and the two have been combined in many ways since then. In this chapter an outline of the fundamentals of DNA structure leads into a range of examples showing how the natural magnesium and potassium ions found in nature can be substituted in a diversity of applications. The dynamic structures found in nature have been studied in the more controlled but artificial environment of the DNA crystal using examples from sodium to platinum and also in a range of DNA-binding metal complexes. While NMR is an essential technique for studying nucleic acid structure and conformation, most of our knowledge of metal ion binding has come from X-ray crystallography. These days the structures studied, and therefore also the diversity of metal binding, go beyond the double helix to triplexes, hairpin loops, junctions and quadruplexes, and the chapter describes briefly how these pieces fit into the DNA jigsaw. In a final section, the roles of metal cations in the crystallisation of new DNA structures are discussed, along with an introduction to the versatility of the periodic table of absorption edges for nucleic acid structure determination.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    DNA bases are A-adenine, C-cytosine, G-guanine and T-thymine.

Abbreviations

Bpy:

2,2′-Bipyridyl

DDD:

Drew-Dickerson dodecamer

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

dppz:

Dipyridophenazine

FRET:

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer

MLCT:

Metal-to-ligand charge transfer

MPD:

2,4-Dimethylpentanediol

NDB:

Nucleic Acid Database

PDB:

Protein Data Bank

phen:

1,10-Phenanthroline

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

Salphen:

N,N′-Phenylenebis(salicylideneimine)

TAP:

1,4,5,8-Tetraazaphenanthrene

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

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Acknowledgements

Many thanks to Kane McQuaid, Jim Thorpe, Susy Teixeira, Andrew Kellett and David Cardin for kindly reading, commenting on and improving the manuscript. Thanks also to the many students and coworkers for so much inspiration over the years; I have aimed to cite as many of you as possible, as there are too many to name here. I very much appreciate the financial support given to our work by BBSRC, EPSRC, the Royal Society, Diamond Light Source and the University of Reading.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, UK

    Christine J. Cardin

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  1. Christine J. Cardin
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Correspondence to Christine J. Cardin .

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  1. Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    D. Michael P. Mingos

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Cardin, C.J. (2019). Interactions Between Metal Ions and DNA. In: Mingos, D. (eds) The Periodic Table II. Structure and Bonding, vol 182. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/430_2019_42

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