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Hyperpolarised Helium-3 (3He) MRI: Physical Methods for Imaging Human Lung Function

  • Chapter
MRI of the Lung

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

Key Points

Hyperpolarised gas imaging has opened up the possibility of direct imaging of pulmonary ventilation by MRI. The use of hyperpolarised helium-3 (3He) gas for MRI of the lung has been pioneered by a number of groups worldwide. Due to the enormous progress in the fields of hyperpolarisation technology, administration of hyperpolarised 3He, MR hardware, and MR pulse sequences, translation into the clinical arena has been accomplished. This chapter gives an overview of the technical methods for hyperpolarised 3He MRI for human lung imaging, focusing on gas polarisation methods, MR physics, hardware and software considerations, safety considerations for inhaled 3He, and pulse sequence design for probing several aspects of lung physiology and anatomy. Where possible, the methods will be highlighted with reference to the literature and illustrated with clinical examples of images from the authors’ home group. We conclude the chapter with an appraisal of how 3He methods can be translated to the more clinically scalable gas isotope 129Xe and provide preliminary evidence of how the MRI techniques compare between the two gases, in order to lead into the following chapter on hyperpolarised 129Xe techniques.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Prof Ernst Otten and Prof Werner Heil of the University of Mainz for the photograph of their 3He polariser. We also thank Dr. Guilhem Collier, Dr. Felix Horn, and Dr. Martin Deppe of the POLARIS group at the University of Sheffield for providing some additional figures.

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Wild, J.M., Stewart, N.J., Chan, HF. (2017). Hyperpolarised Helium-3 (3He) MRI: Physical Methods for Imaging Human Lung Function. In: Kauczor, HU., WielpĂĽtz, M.O. (eds) MRI of the Lung. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2017_45

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