Skip to main content

Evaluation of Infertility

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
MRI and CT of the Female Pelvis

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

  • 1651 Accesses

Abstract

Infertility is defined as 1 year of unprotected intercourse that does not result in pregnancy (Hornstein and Schust 1996). Infertility is estimated to affect up to 10% of women of reproductive age (Heinonen et al. 1982). Although uterine pathology accounts for <10% of cases, uterine imaging is important not only for establishing a specific diagnosis, but also for directing corrective therapy (Collins and Woodward 1995; Lev-Toaff 1996). Knowledge of structural abnormalities may indicate potential pregnancy complications including spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm delivery, malpresentation, and retained products of conception.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bacelar AC, Wilcock D, Powell M, Worthington BS (1995) The value of MRI in the assessment of traumatic intrauterine adhesions (Asherman syndrome). Clin Radiol 50:80–83

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartynski WS, Lin L (1997) Dynamic and conventional spin-echo MR of pituitary microlesions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 18:965–972

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Becker E Jr, Lev-Toaff AS, Kaufman EP, Halpern EJ, Edelweiss MI, Kurtz AB (2002) The additional value of transvaginal sonohysterography over transvaginal sonography alone in women with known or suspected leiomyoma. J Ultrasound Med 21:237–247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braly PS (1999) Disease of the uterus. In: Scott JR, Di-Saia PJ, Hammond CB, Spellacy WN (eds) Danforth’s obstetrics and gynecology, 8th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, pp 837–855

    Google Scholar 

  • Brody JM, Koelliker SL, Fishman GN (1998) Unicornuate uterus: imaging appearance, associated anomalies and clinical implications. AJR Am J Roentgenol 171:1341–1347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buttram VC, Gibbons WE (1979) Müllerian anomalies: a proposed classification (an analysis of 144 cases). Fertil Steril 32:40–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carrington BM, Hricak H, Nuruddin RN, Secaf E, Laros RK Jr, Hill EC (1990) Müllerian duct anomalies: MR imaging evaluation. Radiology 176:715–720

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collins JI, Woodward PJ (1995) Radiological evaluation of infertility. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 16:304–316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fielding JR (1996) MR imaging of müllerian anomalies: impact on therapy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 167:1491–1495

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleischer AC, Kepple DM (1997) Normal pelvic anatomy as depicted by various sonographic techniques. In: Fleischer AC, Javitt HC, Jeffrey RB Jr, Jones HW III (eds) Clinical gynaecologic imaging, Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott-Raven, pp 10–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg JM, Falcone T, Attaran M (1997) Sonohysterographic evaluation of uterine anomalies noted on hysterosalpingography. Hum Reprod 12:1251–1253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heinonen PK, Saarikoski S, Pystynen P (1982) Reproductive performance of women with uterine anomalies: an evaluation of 182 cases. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 61:157–162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hornstein MD, Schust D (1996) Infertility. In: Berek JS, Adashi EY, Hillard PA (eds) Novak’s gynecology, 12th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, pp 915–962

    Google Scholar 

  • Imaoka I, Wada A, Matsuo M, Yoshida M, Kitagaki H, Sugimura K (2003) MR imaging of disorders associated with female infertility: use in diagnosis, treatment, and management. Radiographics 23:1401–1421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Javitt MC (1997) Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of congenital uterine anomalies. In: Fleischer AC, Javitt MC, Jeffresy RB Jr, Jones HW Jr (eds) Clinical gynaecologic imaging. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 299–310

    Google Scholar 

  • Justesen P, Rasmussen F, Anderson PE Jr (1986) Inadvertently performed hysterosalpingography during early pregnancy. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh) 27:711–713

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimura I, Togashi K, Kawakami S et al (1996) Polycystic ovaries: implications of diagnosis with MR imaging. Radiology 201:549–552

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kupesic S, Kurjak A (2000) Ultrasound and Doppler assessment of uterine anomalies. In: Kupesic S, de Ziegler D (eds) Ultrasound and infertility Pearl River. Parthenon, New York, NY, pp 147–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurman RJ, Mazur MT (1987) Benign diseases of the endometrium. In: Kurman RJ (ed) Blaustein’s pathology of the female genital tract, 3rd edn. Springer, New York, pp 292–321

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lev-Toaff AS (1996) Sonohysterography: evaluation of endometrial and myometrial abnormalities. Semin Roentgenol 31:288–298

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindheim SR, Sprague C, Winter TC III (2006) Hysterosalpingography and sonohysterography: lessions in technique. AJR Am J Roentgenol 186(1):24–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lujan ME, Jarrett BY, Brooks ED, Reines JK, Peppin AK, Muhn N, Haider E, Pierson RA, Chizen DR (2013) Updated ultrasound criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: reliable thresholds for elevated follicle population and ovarian volume. Hum Reprod 28(5):1361–1368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Margolin FR (1988) A new cannula for hysterosalpingography. AJR 151:729–730

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miki Y, Matsuo M, Nishizawa S et al (1990) Pituitary adenomas and normal pituitary tissue: enhancement patterns on gadopentate-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 177:35–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell DG, Gefter WB, Spritzer CE et al (1986) Polycystic ovaries: MR imaging. Radiology 160:425–429

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolini U, Bellotti M, Bonazzi B, Zamberletti D, Candiani GB (1987) Can ultrasound be used to screen uterine malformations? Fertil Steril 47:89–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Chiowanich P, Kilger AM, Dunton CJ, Talerman A (1998) Dilated fallopian tubes: MR imaging characteristics. Radiology 208:463–469

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patton PE (1994) Anatomic uterine defects. Clin Obstet Gynecol 37:705–721

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pellerito JS, McCarthy SM, Doyle MB et al (1992) Diagnosis of uterine anomalies: relative accuracy of MR imaging, endovaginal sonography, and hysterosalpingography. Radiology 183:795–800

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pittaway DE, Winfield AC, Maxson W, Daniell J, Herbert C, Wentz AC (1983) Prevention of acute pelvic inflammatory disease after hysterosalpingography: efficacy of doxycycline prophylaxis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 147:623–626

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rock JA (1997) Surgery for anomalies of the müllerian ducts. In: Rock JA, Thompson JD (eds) Te Linde’s operative gynecology, 8th edn. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, Pa, pp 687–729

    Google Scholar 

  • Rock JA, Jones HW Jr (1977) The clinical management of the double uterus. Fertil Steril 28:798–806

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sadowski EA, Elizabeth A, Jennifer E, Ochsner JE, Jody M, Riherd JM, Frank R, Korosec FR, Agrawal G, Pritts EA, Klie MA (2008) MR hysterosalpingography with an angiographic time-resolved 3D pulse sequence: assessment of tubal patency. AJR Am J Roentgenol 191:1381–1385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schenken RS (1999) Endometriosis. In: Scott JR, Di-Saia PJ, Hammond CB, Spellacy WN (eds) Danforth’s obstetrics and gynecology, 8th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, pp 669–675

    Google Scholar 

  • Sholkoff SD (1987) Balloon hysterosalpingography catheter. AJR 149:995–996

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soules MR, Spadoni LR (1982) Oil versus aqueous media for hysterosalpingography: a continuing debate based on many options and few facts. Fertil Steril 38:1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strübbe EH, Willemsen WNP, Lemmens JAM, Thijn CJP, Rolland R (1993) Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome: distinction between two forms based on excretory urographic, sonographic, and laparoscopic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 160:331–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The American Fertility Society classifications of adnexal adhesions, distal tubal obstruction, tubal occlusion secondary to tubal ligation, tubal pregnancies, müllerian anomalies and intrauterine adhesions (1988). Fertil Steril 49:944–955

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson JD, Rock JA (1997) Leiomyoma uteri and myomectomy. In: Rock JA, Thompson JD (eds) Te Linde’s operative gynecology, 8th edn. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA, pp 731–770

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurmond AS, Uchida BT, Rosch J (1990) Device for hysterosalpingography and fallopian tuber catherization. Radiology 174:571–572

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Togashi K, Nishimura K, Itoh K, Fujisawa I, Nakano Y, Torizuka K, Ozasa H, Ohshima M (1987) Vaginal agenesis: classification by MR imaging. Radiology 162:675–677

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tukeva TA, Aronen HJ, Karjalainen PT, Molander P, Paavonen T, Paavonen J (1999) MR imaging in pelvic inflammatory disease: comparison with laparoscopy and US. Radiology 210:209–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gertraud Heinz-Peer M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Heinz-Peer, G. (2017). Evaluation of Infertility. In: Forstner, R., Cunha, T.M., Hamm, B. (eds) MRI and CT of the Female Pelvis. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2017_104

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2017_104

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42573-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42575-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics