Abstract
K+ channels enable potassium to flow across the membrane with great selectivity. There are four K+ channel families: voltage-gated K (Kv), calcium-activated (KCa), inwardly rectifying K (Kir), and two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels. All four K+ channels are formed by subunits assembling into a classic tetrameric (4x1P = 4P for the Kv, KCa, and Kir channels) or tetramer-like (2x2P = 4P for the K2P channels) architecture. These subunits can either be the same (homomers) or different (heteromers), conferring great diversity to these channels. They share a highly conserved selectivity filter within the pore but show different gating mechanisms adapted for their function. K+ channels play essential roles in controlling neuronal excitability by shaping action potentials, influencing the resting membrane potential, and responding to diverse physicochemical stimuli, such as a voltage change (Kv), intracellular calcium oscillations (KCa), cellular mediators (Kir), or temperature (K2P).
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Abbreviations
- EKG:
-
Electrocardiogram
- GIRK:
-
G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel
- KATP:
-
ATP-sensitive inwardly rectifying potassium channel
- TALK:
-
Two-pore ALkaline-activated K+ channel
- TASK:
-
Two-pore acid-sensitive K+ channel
- THIK:
-
Two-pore halothane-inhibited K+ channel
- TRAAK:
-
TWIK-related arachidonic acid-stimulated K+ channel
- TREK:
-
TWIK-related K+ channel
- TRESK:
-
TWIK-related spinal-cord K+ channel
- TWIK:
-
Two-pore weak inward-rectifying K+ channel
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Taura, J., Kircher, D.M., Gameiro-Ros, I., Slesinger, P.A. (2021). Comparison of K+ Channel Families. In: Gamper, N., Wang, K. (eds) Pharmacology of Potassium Channels. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 267. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2021_460
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2021_460
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