Abstract
Precise control of monoamine neurotransmitter levels in the central nervous system (CNS) is crucial for proper brain function. Dysfunctional monoamine signaling is associated with several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) is a new polyspecific organic cation transporter encoded by the SLC29A4 gene. Capable of transporting monoamine neurotransmitters with low affinity and high capacity, PMAT represents a major uptake2 transporter in the brain. Broadly expressed in multiple brain regions, PMAT can complement the high-affinity, low-capacity monoamine uptake mediated by uptake1 transporters, the serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine transporters (SERT, DAT, and NET, respectively). This chapter provides an overview of the molecular and functional characteristics of PMAT together with its regional and cell-type specific expression in the mammalian brain. The physiological functions of PMAT in brain monoamine homeostasis are evaluated in light of its unique transport kinetics and brain location, and in comparison with uptake1 and other uptake2 transporters (e.g., OCT3) along with corroborating experimental evidences. Lastly, the possibility of PMAT’s involvement in brain pathophysiological processes, such as autism, depression, and Parkinson’s disease, is discussed in the context of disease pathology and potential link to aberrant monoamine pathways.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adamsen D, Ramaekers V, Ho HTB et al (2014) Autism spectrum disorder associated with low serotonin in CSF and mutations in the SLC29A4 plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) gene. Mol Autism 5:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-5-43
Agnati LF, Guidolin D, Guescini M et al (2010) Understanding wiring and volume transmission. Brain Res Rev 64:137–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.03.003
Al-Harbi KS (2012) Treatment-resistant depression: therapeutic trends, challenges, and future directions. Patient Prefer Adherence 6:369–388. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S29716
Amphoux A, Vialou V, Drescher E et al (2006) Differential pharmacological in vitro properties of organic cation transporters and regional distribution in rat brain. Neuropharmacology 50:941–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.01.005
Baganz NL, Hortona RE, Calderon AS et al (2008) Organic cation transporter 3: keeping the brake on extracellular serotonin in serotonin-transporter-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:18976–18981. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800466105
Baldwin SA, Beal PR, Yao SYM et al (2004) The equilibrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC29. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 447:735–743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-003-1103-2
Barnes K, Dobrzynski H, Foppolo S et al (2006) Distribution and functional characterization of equilibrative nucleoside transporter-4, a novel cardiac adenosine transporter activated at acidic pH. Circ Res 99:510–519. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000238359.18495.42
Bednarczyk D, Ekins S, Wikel JH, Wright SH (2003) Influence of molecular structure on substrate binding to the human organic cation transporter, hOCT1. Mol Pharmacol 63:489–498. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.63.3.489
Blakely RD, De Felice LJ, Hartzell HC (1994) Molecular physiology of norepinephrine and serotonin transporters. J Exp Biol 196:263–281
Bowman MA, Vitela M, Clarke KM et al (2020) Serotonin transporter and plasma membrane monoamine transporter are necessary for the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine in mice. Int J Mol Sci 21:1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207581
Bunin MA, Wightman RM (1998) Quantitative evaluation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) neuronal release and uptake: an investigation of extrasynaptic transmission. J Neurosci 18:4854–4860. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.18-13-04854.1998
Bunin MA, Wightman RM (1999) Paracrine neurotransmission in the CNS: involvement of 5-HT. Trends Neurosci 22:377–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(99)01410-1
Carlsson A (1987) Perspectives on the discovery of central monoaminergic neurotransmission. Annu Rev Neurosci 10:19–40. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ne.10.030187.000315
Christensen MMH, Brasch-Andersen C, Green H et al (2011) The pharmacogenetics of metformin and its impact on plasma metformin steady-state levels and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c. Pharmacogenet Genomics 21:837–850. https://doi.org/10.1097/FPC.0b013e32834c0010
Ciarimboli G, Koepsell H, Iordanova M et al (2005) Individual PKC-phosphorylation sites in organic cation transporter 1 determine substrate selectivity and transport regulation. J Am Soc Nephrol 16:1562–1570. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2004040256
Collins MA, Neafsey EJ (2000) ß-Carboline analogues of MPP+ as environmental neurotoxins. In: Storch A, Collins MA (eds) Neurotoxic factors in Parkinson’s disease and related disorders. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 115–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1269-1_13
Cook EH, Leventhal BL (1996) The serotonin system in autism. Curr Opin Pediatr 8:348–354. https://doi.org/10.1097/00008480-199608000-00008
Cowen PJ, Browning M (2015) What has serotonin to do with depression? World Psychiatry 14:158–160. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20229
Cross S, Kim SJ, Weiss LA et al (2008) Molecular genetics of the platelet serotonin system in first-degree relatives of patients with autism. Neuropsychopharmacology 33:353–360. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1301406
Cui M, Aras R, Christian WV et al (2009) The organic cation transporter-3 is a pivotal modulator of neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:8043–8048. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900358106
Dahlin A, Xia L, Kong W et al (2007) Expression and immunolocalization of the plasma membrane monoamine transporter in the brain. Neuroscience 146:1193–1211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.01.072
Dahlin A, Royall J, Hohmann JG, Wang J (2009) Expression profiling of the solute carrier gene family in the mouse brain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 329:558–570. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.108.149831
Dawed AY, Zhou K, van Leeuwen N et al (2019) Variation in the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) (encoded by SLC29A4) and organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) (encoded by SLC22A1) and gastrointestinal intolerance to metformin in type 2 diabetes: an IMI direct study. Diabetes Care 42:1027–1033. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-2182
Daws LC (2009) Unfaithful neurotransmitter transporters: focus on serotonin uptake and implications for antidepressant efficacy. Pharmacol Ther 121:89–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.10.004
De Grandis E, Serrano M, Pérez-Dueñas B et al (2010) Cerebrospinal fluid alterations of the serotonin product, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, in neurological disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 33:803–809. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10545-010-9200-9
Duan H, Wang J (2010) Selective transport of monoamine neurotransmitters by human plasma membrane monoamine transporter and organic cation transporter 3. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 335:743–753. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.110.170142
Duan H, Wang J (2013) Impaired monoamine and organic cation uptake in choroid plexus in mice with targeted disruption of the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (Slc29a4) gene. J Biol Chem 288:3535–3544. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.436972
Duan H, Hu T, Foti RS et al (2015) Potent and selective inhibition of plasma membrane monoamine transporter by HIV protease inhibitors. Drug Metab Dispos 43:1773–1780. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.064824
Duong JK, Kumar SS, Kirkpatrick CM et al (2013) Population pharmacokinetics of metformin in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: simulation of doses according to renal function. Clin Pharmacokinet 52:373–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-013-0046-9
Eisenhofer G (2001) The role of neuronal and extraneuronal plasma membrane transporters. Pharmacol Ther 91:35–62
Engel K, Wang J (2005) Interaction of organic cations with a newly identified plasma membrane monoamine transporter. Mol Pharmacol 68:1397–1407. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.105.016832
Engel K, Zhou M, Wang J (2004) Identification and characterization of a novel monoamine transporter in the human brain. J Biol Chem 279:50042–50049. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M407913200
Frazer A, Hensler JG (1999) Serotonin involvement in physiological function and behavior. In: Siegel GJ, Agranoff BW, Albers RW, et al. (eds) Basic neurochemistry: molecular, cellular and medical aspects, 6th edn. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27940/
Gasser PJ, Lowry CA, Orchinik M (2006) Corticosterone-sensitive monoamine transport in the rat dorsomedial hypothalamus: potential role for organic cation transporter 3 in stress-induced modulation of monoaminergic neurotransmission. J Neurosci 26:8758–8766. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0570-06.2006
Gasser PJ, Orchinik M, Raju I, Lowry CA (2009) Distribution of organic cation transporter 3, a corticosterone-sensitive monoamine transporter, in the rat brain. J Comp Neurol 512:529–555. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.21921
Gilman TL, George CM, Vitela M et al (2018) Constitutive plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT, Slc29a4) deficiency subtly affects anxiety-like and coping behaviours. Eur J Neurosci 48:1706–1716. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13968
Govindarajan R, Leung GPH, Zhou M et al (2009) Facilitated mitochondrial import of antiviral and anticancer nucleoside drugs by human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-3. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 296:910–922. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.90672.2008
Greengard P (2001) The neurobiology of slow synaptc transmission. Science 294:1024–1030. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.294.5544.1024
Gründemann D, Schechinger B, Rappold GA, Schömig E (1998) Molecular identification of the corticosterone-sensitive extraneuronal catecholamine transporter. Nat Neurosci 1:349–351. https://doi.org/10.1038/1557
Gründemann D, Liebich G, Kiefer N et al (1999) Selective substrates for non-neuronal monoamine transporters. Mol Pharmacol 56:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.56.1.1
Haenisch B, Bönisch H (2010) Interaction of the human plasma membrane monoamine transporter (hPMAT) with antidepressants and antipsychotics. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 381:33–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-009-0479-8
Hayer-Zillgen M, Brüss M, Bönisch H (2002) Expression and pharmacological profile of the human organic cation transporters hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3. Br J Pharmacol 136:829–836. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0704785
Hendley ED, Taylor KM, Snyder SH (1970) 3H-Normetanephrine uptake in rat brain slices. Relationship to extraneuronal accumulation of norepinephrine. Eur J Pharmacol 12:167–179
Ho HTB, Wang J (2010) Tyrosine 112 is essential for organic cation transport by the plasma membrane monoamine transporter. Biochemistry 49:7839–7846. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi100560q
Ho HTB, Wang J (2014) The nucleoside transporters CNT and ENT. In: You G, Morris ME (eds) Drug transporters: molecular characterization and role in drug disposition. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 107–126
Ho HTB, Pan Y, Cui Z et al (2011) Molecular analysis and structure-activity relationship modeling of the substrate/inhibitor interaction site of plasma membrane monoamine transporter. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 339:376–385. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.111.184036
Ho HTB, Dahlinf A, Wang J (2012a) Expression profiling of solute carrier gene families at the blood-CSF barrier. Front Pharmacol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2012.00154
Ho HTB, Xia L, Wang J (2012b) Residue Ile89 in human plasma membrane monoamine transporter influences its organic cation transport activity and sensitivity to inhibition by dilazep. Biochem Pharmacol 84:383–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2012.04.018
Horton RE, Apple DM, Owens WA et al (2013) Decynium-22 enhances SSRI-induced antidepressant-like effects in mice: uncovering novel targets to treat depression. J Neurosci 33:10534–10543. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5687-11.2013
Hosford PS, Millar J, Ramage AG (2015) Cardiovascular afferents cause the release of 5-HT in the nucleus tractus solitarii; this release is regulated by the low- (PMAT) not the high-affinity transporter (SERT). J Physiol 593:1715–1729. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2014.285312
Hsu C-L, Lin W, Seshasayee D et al (2012) Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 deficiency perturbs lysosome function and macrophage homeostasis. Science 335:89–92. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1213682
Itagaki S, Ganapathy V, Ho HTB et al (2012) Electrophysiological characterization of the polyspecific organic cation transporter plasma membrane monoamine transporter. Drug Metab Dispos 40:1138–1143. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.111.042432
Iversen LL (1965) The uptake of catechol amines at high perfusion concentrations in the rat isolated heart: a novel catechol amine uptake process. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 25:18–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1965.tb01753.x
Jedlitschky G, Greinacher A, Kroemer HK (2012) Transporters in human platelets: physiologic function and impact for pharmacotherapy. Blood 119:3394–3402. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-09-336933
Kaplan GP, Hartman BK, Creveling CR (1981) Localization of catechol-O-methyltransferase in the leptomeninges, choroid plexus and ciliary epithelium: implications for the separation of central and peripheral catechols. Brain Res 204:353–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(81)90594-1
Keep RF, Smith DE (2011) Choroid plexus transport: gene deletion studies. Fluids Barriers CNS 8:26. https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-8118-8-26
Kido Y, Matsson P, Giacomini KM (2011) Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2. J Med Chem 54:4548–4558. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm2001629
Koepsell H, Lips K, Volk C (2007) Polyspecific organic cation transporters: structure, function, physiological roles, and biopharmaceutical implications. Pharm Res 24:1227–1251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-007-9254-z
Kong W, Engel K, Wang J (2004) Mammalian nucleoside transporters. Curr Drug Metab 5:63–84. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389200043489162
Kotake Y, Tasaki Y, Makino Y et al (1995) 1-Benzyl-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline as a parkinsonism-inducing agent: a novel endogenous amine in mouse brain and parkinsonian CSF. J Neurochem. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65062633.x
Kristensen AS, Andersen J, Jorgensen TN et al (2011) SLC6 neurotransmitter transporters: structure, function, and regulation. Pharmacol Rev 63:585–640. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.108.000869
Leboyer M, Philippe A, Bouvard M et al (1999) Whole blood serotonin and plasma beta-endorphin in autistic probands and their first-degree relatives. Biol Psychiatry 45:158–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(97)00532-5
Lightman SL, Iversen LL (1969) The role of uptake2 in the extraneuronal metabolism of catecholamines in the isolated rat heart. Br J Pharmacol 37:638–649. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1969.tb08502.x
Matthaeus F, Schloss P, Lau T (2015) Differential uptake mechanisms of fluorescent substrates into stem-cell-derived serotonergic neurons. ACS Chem Nerosci 6:1906–1912. https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00219
Meneses A, Liy-Salmeron G (2012) Serotonin and emotion, learning and memory. Rev Neurosci 23:543–553. https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2012-0060
Mimura Y, Yasujima T, Ohta K et al (2017) Functional identification of plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT/SLC29A4) as an atenolol transporter sensitive to flavonoids contained in Apple juice. J Pharm Sci 106:2592–2598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2017.01.009
Muhle R, Trentacoste SV, Rapin I (2004) The genetics of autism. Pediatrics 113:e472–e486. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.5.e472
Murphy DL, Moya PR (2011) Human serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) variants: their contributions to understanding pharmacogenomic and other functional G × G and G × e differences in health and disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 11:3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2011.02.008
Naganuma F, Yoshikawa T, Nakamura T et al (2014) Predominant role of plasma membrane monoamine transporters in monoamine transport in 1321N1, a human astrocytoma-derived cell line. J Neurochem 129:591–601. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.12665
Nagatsu T (1997) Isoquinoline neurotoxins in the brain and Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Res 29:99–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-0102(97)00083-7
Okura T, Kato S, Takano Y et al (2011) Functional characterization of rat plasma membrane monoamine transporter in the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. J Pharm Sci 100:3924–3938. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.22594
Pramod AB, Foster J, Carvelli L, Henry LK (2013) SLC6 transporters: structure, function, regulation, disease association and therapeutics. Mol Aspects Med 34:197–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2012.07.002
Sandin S, Lichtenstein P, Kuja-Halkola R et al (2017) The heritability of autism Spectrum disorder. JAMA 318:1182–1184. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.12141
Schildkraut JJ, Mooney JJ (2004) Toward a rapidly acting antidepressant: the Normetanephrine and Extraneuronal monoamine transporter (uptake 2) hypothesis. Am J Psychiatry 161:909–911. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.5.909
Shirasaka Y, Lee N, Duan H et al (2017) Interspecies comparison of the functional characteristics of plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) between human, rat and mouse. J Chem Neuroanat 83–84:99–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.09.006
Sian J, Youdim M, Riederer P, Gerlach M (1999) MPTP-induced parkinsonian syndrome. In: Siegel GJ, Agranoff BW, Albers RW, et al. (eds) Basic neurochemistry: molecular, cellular and medical aspects, 6th edn. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27974/
Steffens DC, Krishnan KRR, Helms MJ (1997) Are SSRIs better than TCAs? Comparison of SSRIs and TCAs: a meta-analysis. Depress Anxiety 6:10–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6394(1997)6:1<10::AID-DA2>3.0.CO;2-9
Torres GE, Gainetdinov RR, Caron MG (2003) Plasma membrane monoamine transporters: structure, regulation and function. Nat Rev Neurosci 4:13–25. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1008
Trendelenburg U, Cassis L, Grohmann M, Langeloh A (1987) The functional coupling of neuronal and extraneuronal transport with intracellular monoamine oxidase. J Neural Transm Suppl 23:91–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8901-6_6
Usui T, Nakazawa A, Okura T et al (2016) Histamine elimination from the cerebrospinal fluid across the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier: involvement of plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT/SLC29A4). J Neurochem 139:408–418. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.13758
Van Waterschoot RAB, Ter Heine R, Wagenaar E et al (2010) Effects of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and the drug transporters P-glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1) and MRP2 (ABCC2) on the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir. Br J Pharmacol 160:1224–1233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00759.x
Vialou V, Amphoux A, Zwart R et al (2004) Organic cation transporter 3 (Slc22a3) is implicated in salt-intake regulation. J Neurosci 24:2846–2851. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5147-03.2004
Vialou V, Balasse L, Dumas S et al (2007) Neurochemical characterization of pathways expressing plasma membrane monoamine transporter in the rat brain. Neuroscience 144:616–622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.09.058
Vitalis T, Fouquet C, Alvarez C et al (2002) Developmental expression of monoamine oxidases A and B in the central and peripheral nervous systems of the mouse. J Comp Neurol 442:331–347. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.10093
Wagner DJ, Hu T, Wang J (2016) Polyspecific organic cation transporters and their impact on drug intracellular levels and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacol Res 111:237–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.002
Walz W, Lang MK (1998) Immunocytochemical evidence for a distinct GFAP-negative subpopulation of astrocytes in the adult rat hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 257:127–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(98)00813-1
Wang J (2016) The plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT): structure, function, and role in organic cation disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 100:489–499. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.442
Waye MMY, Cheng HY (2018) Genetics and epigenetics of autism: a review. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 72:228–244. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12606
Wei R, Gust SL, Tandio D et al (2020) Deletion of murine slc29a4 modifies vascular responses to adenosine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in a sexually dimorphic manner. Physiol Rep 8:1–17. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14395
Whitaker-Azmitia PM (2001) Serotonin and brain development: role in human developmental diseases. Brain Res Bull 56:479–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00615-3
Wilson VG, Grohmann M, Trendelenburg U (1988) The uptake and O-methylation of 3H-(+)-isoprenaline in rat cerebral cortex slices. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 337:397–405
Wu X, Kekuda R, Huang W et al (1998) Identity of the organic cation transporter OCT3 as the extraneuronal monoamine transporter (uptake2) and evidence for the expression of the transporter in the brain. J Biol Chem 273:32776–32786. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.49.32776
Wu KC, Lu YH, Peng YH et al (2015) Effects of lipopolysaccharide on the expression of plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) at the blood-brain barrier and its implications to the transport of neurotoxins. J Neurochem 135:1178–1188. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.13363
Xia L, Engel K, Zhou M, Wang J (2007) Membrane localization and pH-dependent transport of a newly cloned organic cation transporter (PMAT) in kidney cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292:682–690. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00302.2006
Xia L, Zhou M, Kalhorn TF et al (2009) Podocyte-specific expression of organic cation transporter PMAT: implication in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrotoxicity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 296:1307–1313. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00046.2009
Yoshikawa T, Naganuma F, Iida T et al (2013) Molecular mechanism of histamine clearance by primary human astrocytes. Glia 61:905–916. https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.22484
Zhou M, Engel K, Wang J (2007a) Evidence for significant contribution of a newly identified monoamine transporter (PMAT) to serotonin uptake in the human brain. Biochem Pharmacol 73:147–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2006.09.008
Zhou M, Xia L, Engel K, Wang J (2007b) Molecular determinants of substrate selectivity of a novel organic cation transporter (PMAT) in the SLC29 family. J Biol Chem 282:3188–3195. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M609421200
Zhou M, Xia L, Wang J (2007c) Metformin transport by a newly cloned proton-stimulated organic cation transporter (plasma membrane monoamine transporter) expressed in human intestine. Drug Metab Dispos 35:1956–1962. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.107.015495
Zhou M, Duan H, Engel K et al (2010) Adenosine transport by plasma membrane monoamine transporter: reinvestigation and comparison with organic cations. Drug Metab Dispos 38:1798–1805. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.110.032987
Zolk O, Solbach TF, König J, Fromm MF (2009) Structural determinants of inhibitor interaction with the human organic cation transporter OCT2 (SLC22A2). Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 379:337–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-008-0369-5
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vieira, L.S., Wang, J. (2021). Brain Plasma Membrane Monoamine Transporter in Health and Disease. In: Daws, L.C. (eds) Organic Cation Transporters in the Central Nervous System. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 266. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2021_446
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2021_446
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-82983-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-82984-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)