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Do Alcohol-Related AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptor Adaptations Promote Intake?

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The Neuropharmacology of Alcohol

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 248))

Abstract

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPA, NMDA, and kainate receptors) play a central role in excitatory glutamatergic signaling throughout the brain. As a result, functional changes, especially long-lasting forms of plasticity, have the potential to profoundly alter neuronal function and the expression of adaptive and pathological behaviors. Thus, alcohol-related adaptations in ionotropic glutamate receptors are of great interest, since they could promote excessive alcohol consumption, even after long-term abstinence. Alcohol- and drug-related adaptations in NMDARs have been recently reviewed, while less is known about kainate receptor adaptations. Thus, we focus here on functional changes in AMPARs, tetramers composed of GluA1–4 subunits. Long-lasting increases or decreases in AMPAR function, the so-called long-term potentiation or depression, have widely been considered to contribute to normal and pathological memory states. In addition, a great deal has been learned about the acute regulation of AMPARs by signaling pathways, scaffolding and auxiliary proteins, intracellular trafficking, and other mechanisms. One important common adaptation is a shift in AMPAR subunit composition from GluA2-containing, calcium-impermeable AMPARs (CIARs) to GluA2-lacking, calcium-permeable AMPARs (CPARs), which is observed under a broad range of conditions including intoxicant exposure or intake, stress, novelty, food deprivation, and ischemia. This shift has the potential to facilitate AMPAR currents, since CPARs have much greater single-channel currents than CIARs, as well as faster AMPAR activation kinetics (although with faster inactivation) and calcium-related activity. Many tools have been developed to interrogate particular aspects of AMPAR signaling, including compounds that selectively inhibit CPARs, raising exciting translational possibilities. In addition, recent studies have used transgenic animals and/or optogenetics to identify AMPAR adaptations in particular cell types and glutamatergic projections, which will provide critical information about the specific circuits that CPARs act within. Also, less is known about the specific nature of alcohol-related AMPAR adaptations, and thus we use other examples that illustrate more fully how particular AMPAR changes might influence intoxicant-related behavior. Thus, by identifying alcohol-related AMPAR adaptations, the specific molecular events that underlie them, and the cells and projections in which they occur, we hope to better inform the development of new therapeutic interventions for addiction.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by AA017072 (F.W.H.), AA016651, and AA015167 (R.A.M.). We thank Richard Morrisett for his critical review of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Alcohol Center for Translational Genetics, Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    F. Woodward Hopf

  2. Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    Regina A. Mangieri

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  1. F. Woodward Hopf
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  2. Regina A. Mangieri
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Correspondence to F. Woodward Hopf .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA

    Kathleen A. Grant

  2. Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    David M. Lovinger

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Woodward Hopf, F., Mangieri, R.A. (2018). Do Alcohol-Related AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptor Adaptations Promote Intake?. In: Grant, K., Lovinger, D. (eds) The Neuropharmacology of Alcohol . Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 248. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2018_105

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