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CAS 2015/A/4233, World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) v. Martin Johnsrud Sundby & Fédération Internationale de Ski (FIS), Award of 11 July 2016

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Yearbook of International Sports Arbitration 2016

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Abstract

This case commentary examines the CAS Award in WADA v. Sundby with particular focus on the CAS Panel’s reasoning with respect to the occurrence of an anti-doping rule violation (“ADRV”). Among interesting points are the CAS Panel’s application of the principle of legal certainty as well as the practical implications of the CAS Panel’s findings with respect to the interpretation of the rule in question––the β2A Provision of the Prohibited List. This commentary also addresses the burden of proof, standards for appreciation of scientific evidence, assessment of fault and determination of sanctions.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    CAS 2015/A/4233, WADA v. Martin Johnsrud Sundby & FIS, Award of 11 July 2016, para 5.

  2. 2.

    Ibid.

  3. 3.

    Ibid., para 128.

  4. 4.

    Ibid., paras 7 and 9.

  5. 5.

    The so-called “decision limit”, as defined by the WADA International Standard for Laboratories (“ISL”). See Viret 2016, pp. 361 et seq.

  6. 6.

    CAS 2015/A/4233, WADA v. Martin Johnsrud Sundby & FIS, Award of 11 July 2016, paras 11–12.

  7. 7.

    Ibid., para 17.

  8. 8.

    Ibid., para 16.

  9. 9.

    Ibid., para16.

  10. 10.

    Ibid., para 17.

  11. 11.

    Ibid., para 20.

  12. 12.

    Ibid., para 23.

  13. 13.

    Ibid., para 25.

  14. 14.

    Ibid., paras 24 and 32.

  15. 15.

    Ibid., para 28.

  16. 16.

    Ibid. para 31.

  17. 17.

    Ibid., paras 33–34.

  18. 18.

    Ibid., para 35, (paras 59–69 in the quotation).

  19. 19.

    Ibid., (para 65 in the quotation).

  20. 20.

    Ibid., (para 66 in the quotation).

  21. 21.

    Ibid.

  22. 22.

    Ibid., paras 39 and 50.

  23. 23.

    Ibid., paras 43 and 61.

  24. 24.

    Ibid., paras 45 and 47.

  25. 25.

    Ibid., paras 52 and 57.

  26. 26.

    Ibid., paras 52 and 54.

  27. 27.

    Ibid., para 54.

  28. 28.

    Ibid., para 55ii.

  29. 29.

    Ibid., para 55i.

  30. 30.

    Ibid., para 58.

  31. 31.

    Ibid., para 59.

  32. 32.

    Ibid., para 63i.

  33. 33.

    Ibid., para 63iv.

  34. 34.

    Ibid., para 63vi.

  35. 35.

    Ibid.

  36. 36.

    Ibid., para 63vi.

  37. 37.

    Ibid.

  38. 38.

    Ibid., paras 65–67.

  39. 39.

    Ibid., para 70.

  40. 40.

    Ibid., paras 81–84.

  41. 41.

    The “decision limit”, see footnote 5 infra.

  42. 42.

    Text of the Prohibited List 2015. CAS 2015/A/4233, WADA v. Martin Johnsrud Sundby & FIS, Award of 11 July 2016, para 86, footnote 6: the Panel noted that the text of the Prohibited List 2014 was “identical … in all material respects”.

  43. 43.

    Ibid., paras 91 and 102.

  44. 44.

    Ibid., para 96.

  45. 45.

    Ibid., para 97.

  46. 46.

    Ibid., para 98.

  47. 47.

    Ibid., para 63vi.

  48. 48.

    See, for instance, CAS 2011/A/2612, Liao Hui v. International Weightlifting Federation (IWF), Award of 23 July 2012, para 103 and CAS 94/129, USA Shooting & Q./Union Internationale de Tir (UIT), Award of 23 May 1995, para 34.

  49. 49.

    See, for instance, CAS 2014/A/3832&3833, Vanessa Vanakorn v. Fédération Internationale de Ski (FIS), Award of 19 June 2015, para 85; CAS 2013/A/3324&3369, GNK Dinamo v. UEFA, Award of 13 June 2014, para 9.11; CAS 2006/A/1164, Luca Scassa & MV Agusta Motor Spa v/ Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM), Award of 13 March 2007, para 53.

  50. 50.

    See, for instance, CAS 2014/A/3832&3833, Vanessa Vanakorn v. Fédération Internationale de Ski (FIS), Award of 19 June 2015, para 85; CAS 2013/A/3324&3369, GNK Dinamo v. UEFA, Award of 13 June 2014, para 9.11; CAS 2011/A/2612, Liao Hui v. International Weightlifting Federation (IWF), Award of 23 July 2012, para 107; CAS 2009/A/1752&1753, Vadim Devyatovskiy et al. v/IOC, Award of 10 June 2010, para 4.28.

  51. 51.

    CAS 2013/A/3324&3369, GNK Dinamo v. UEFA, Award of 13 June 2014, para 9.11(iii).

  52. 52.

    See, for instance, CAS 2014/A/3832&3833, Vanessa Vanakorn v. Fédération Internationale de Ski (FIS), Award of 19 June 2015, para 86.

  53. 53.

    CAS 2007/A/1363, TTF Liebherr Ochsenhausen v. ETTU, Award of 5 October 2007, para 16.

  54. 54.

    CAS 94/129, USA Shooting & Q./Union Internationale de Tir (UIT), Award of 23 May 1995, para 34.

  55. 55.

    One recent example would be CAS 2014/A/3832&3833, Vanessa Vanakorn v. Fédération Internationale de Ski (FIS), Award of 19 June 2015, para 85.

  56. 56.

    CAS 2015/A/4233, WADA v. Martin Johnsrud Sundby & FIS, Award of 11 July 2016, para 104.

  57. 57.

    Ibid., para 105.

  58. 58.

    Ibid.

  59. 59.

    Ibid.

  60. 60.

    Ibid., para 107.

  61. 61.

    See, for instance, Viret 2016, pp. 111–112 (part 3.2.2.1.2) and references therein.

  62. 62.

    CAS 2015/A/4233, WADA v. Martin Johnsrud Sundby & FIS, Award of 11 July 2016, para 35 (para 39 in the quotation) and para 86 (Article 3.1 in the quotation).

  63. 63.

    Ibid., para 35 (para 43 in the quotation).

  64. 64.

    Ibid., p. 26. See also WADA v. Juha Lallukka, CAS 2014/A/3488, Award of 20 November 2014, para 97.

  65. 65.

    CAS 2015/A/4233, WADA v. Martin Johnsrud Sundby & FIS, Award of 11 July 2016, para 108.

  66. 66.

    Ibid.

  67. 67.

    Ibid., para 35 (para 68 in the quotation).

  68. 68.

    Ibid., para 105.

  69. 69.

    WADA 2009 Prohibited List, https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/WADA_Prohibited_List_2009_EN.pdf. Accessed 18 April 2017.

  70. 70.

    WADA 2010 Prohibited List––Summary of Major Modifications, https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/WADA_Summary_of_Modifications_2010_EN.pdf.

  71. 71.

    CAS 2015/A/4233, WADA v. Martin Johnsrud Sundby & FIS, Award of 11 July 2016, para 55ii.

  72. 72.

    Ibid., para 105.

  73. 73.

    See above, in particular footnote 27.

  74. 74.

    It must be highlighted that the Panel did not consider the β2A Provision not to be ambiguous at all, but only “not sufficiently ambiguous”, see CAS 2015/A/4233, WADA v. Martin Johnsrud Sundby & FIS, Award of 11 July 2016, para 104.

  75. 75.

    Ibid., para 112i.

  76. 76.

    Ibid.

  77. 77.

    Ibid., para 113.

  78. 78.

    Test identified by the CAS panel in CAS 2013/A/3327&3335, Marin Cilic v. ITF, award of 11 April 2014, in particular paras 69–76.

  79. 79.

    Ibid.

  80. 80.

    Ibid., paras 11–13.

  81. 81.

    Ibid., para 69.

  82. 82.

    Ibid., para 71.

  83. 83.

    CAS 2015/A/4233, WADA v. Martin Johnsrud Sundby & FIS, Award of 11 July 2016, para 119i.

  84. 84.

    Ibid.

  85. 85.

    Ibid.

  86. 86.

    Ibid., para 119ii.

  87. 87.

    Ibid.

  88. 88.

    Ibid.

  89. 89.

    Ibid., para 120.

  90. 90.

    See, for another recent example, CAS 2016/A/4371, Robert Lea v. USADA, Award of 25 February 2016, para 28.

  91. 91.

    CAS 2014/A/3759, Chand v. AFI & IAAF, Award of 24 July 2015.

Reference

  • Viret M (2016) Evidence in Anti-Doping at the Intersection of Science and Law. TMC Asser Press, The Hague

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lévy Kaufmann-Kohler, Geneva, Switzerland

    Nina Lauber-Thommesen

  2. LHA, Geneva, Switzerland

    Charlotte Frey

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  1. Nina Lauber-Thommesen
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  2. Charlotte Frey
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Correspondence to Nina Lauber-Thommesen .

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  1. ASSER International Sports Law Centre, T.M.C. Asser Instituut, The Hague, The Netherlands

    Antoine Duval

  2. Faculté de droit, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland

    Antonio Rigozzi

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Lauber-Thommesen, N., Frey, C. (2017). CAS 2015/A/4233, World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) v. Martin Johnsrud Sundby & Fédération Internationale de Ski (FIS), Award of 11 July 2016. In: Duval, A., Rigozzi, A. (eds) Yearbook of International Sports Arbitration 2016. Yearbook of International Sports Arbitration. T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague. https://doi.org/10.1007/15757_2017_7

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