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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Burn Patient

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Burns, Infections and Wound Management

Part of the book series: Recent Clinical Techniques, Results, and Research in Wounds ((RCTRRW,volume 2))

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Abstract

Burn patients are at risk of developing the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) either due to the burn wound itself or due to accompanying events such as an inhalation injury, pneumonia, sepsis, and blood product transfusion. ARDS develops in 30–40% of mechanically ventilated burn patients with an onset most commonly during the first postburn week. Approximately 30% develop moderate to severe ARDS, which leads to increased duration of ventilation and mortality. The management of ARDS in the burn patient is largely supportive, and most approaches have been translated from the non-burn population with ARDS. Typically, these include low tidal volume and pressure-limited ventilation strategies, avoidance of fluid overload, and control of potential inflammatory sources that can “drive” ARDS such as the burn wound, infection, and sepsis. Patients with severe ARDS may also require prone position ventilation and short-term pharmacologic paralysis. The unique features of the major burn patient including compromised thoraco-abdominal compliance, inhalation injury, and hypermetabolism may necessitate modification of some of these management strategies.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Professor of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Robert Cartotto M.D.

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  1. Robert Cartotto M.D.
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Correspondence to Robert Cartotto M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Tustin, CA, USA

    Melvin A. Shiffman

  2. Newport Beach, CA, USA

    Mervin Low

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Cartotto, R. (2017). Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Burn Patient. In: Shiffman, M., Low, M. (eds) Burns, Infections and Wound Management. Recent Clinical Techniques, Results, and Research in Wounds, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/15695_2017_30

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/15695_2017_30

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-10685-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-10686-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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