Abstract
More than any other polymer class, the synthesis of (co-)poly(2-oxazoline)s has benefited tremendously from the introduction of microwave reactors into chemical laboratories. This review focuses on research activities in the area of (co-)poly(2-oxazoline)s prepared by microwave-assisted syntheses and summarizes the current state-of-the-art for microwave-assisted syntheses of 2-oxazoline monomers, microwave-assisted ring-opening (co-)polymerizations of 2-oxazolines, and prominent examples of post-polymerization modifications of (co-)poly(2-oxazoline)s. Special attention is paid to kinetic analyses of the microwave-assisted polymerization of 2-oxazolines and to the discussion of non-thermal microwave effects.
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Abbreviations
- AFM:
-
Atomic force microscopy
- Bu=Ox:
-
2-But-3′-enyl-2-oxazoline
- CH:
-
Conventional heating
- CROP:
-
Cationic ring-opening polymerization
- Dc=Ox:
-
2-Dec-9′-enyl-2-oxazoline
- DLS:
-
Dynamic light scattering
- DP:
-
Degree of polymerization
- EtOx:
-
2-Ethyl-2-oxazoline
- IL:
-
Ionic liquid
- MALDI-TOF:
-
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization – time-of-flight
- MeOx:
-
2-Methyl-2-oxazoline
- MW:
-
Microwave
- NonOx:
-
2-Nonyl-2-oxazoline
- pBu=Ox:
-
Poly(2-but-3′-enyl-2-oxazoline)
- pDc=Ox:
-
Poly(2-dec-9′-enyl-2-oxazoline)
- PEG:
-
Poly(ethylene glycol)
- PEI:
-
Poly(ethylene imine)
- PET:
-
Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
- pEtOx:
-
Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)
- PhOx:
-
2-Phenyl-2-oxazoline
- pMeOx:
-
Poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)
- pNonOx:
-
Poly(2-nonyl-2-oxazoline)
- pPBO:
-
Poly(1,3-phenylene-bis-2-oxazoline)
- pPhOx:
-
Poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazoline)
- ROP:
-
Ring-opening polymerization
- SEC:
-
Size-exclusion chromatography
- wt%:
-
Weight percent
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Acknowledgement
F.W. and K.P.L. would like to gratefully acknowledge the Austrian Science Fund FWF for funding of the project I1123-N19 (MimiFlow). The work was performed at the PCCL in the context of the project PolyComp within the framework of the COMET-program of the Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology and Federal Ministry for Economy, Family and Youth. The PCCL is funded by the Austrian Government and the State Governments of Styria, Lower Austria and Upper Austria. U.S.S. thanks the Carl-Zeiss Foundation and the TMWWdG (State of Thuringia).
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Luef, K.P., Hoogenboom, R., Schubert, U.S., Wiesbrock, F. (2015). Microwave-Assisted Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of 2-Oxazolines. In: Hoogenboom, R., Schubert, U., Wiesbrock, F. (eds) Microwave-assisted Polymer Synthesis. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 274. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2015_340
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